Abstract

The ideal technique for abstracting medical papers is contained in the “PMRC” formula which calls for the purpose (P), methods (M), results (R), and conclusions (C) of the research or clinical observations to be stated in 200 words or less. This formula is a useful framework to help writers prepare more substantive abstracts. By selecting keywords and the significant findings, and by stating in concrete terms, succinctly and accurately, the four parts of the formula, one builds the abstract directly from the paper. A reader, author, professional abstractor may use the formula, although the techniques and application may vary in steps for completeness and refinement. Notes taken by the reader serve as an instrument to facilitate recall. The formula provides a framework for comprehensive, well constructed abstracts for writers. The PMRC formula is an effective pattern for writing abstracts which are more informative, concise, and valuable than abstracts without these four parts distinctly present, are not interchangeable with summaries, and can stand alone without the entire article. One argument against an abstract—it is not the whole original paper.