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References (128) · 4 in this index
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1. Martin Luther King Jr., “An Appeal to the Honorable John F. Kennedy, President of the United States, for N…
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2. Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63 (New York: Simon and Schuster Paperba…
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3. As quoted in “President Urged to End Race Laws: King Wants Proclamation for a 2d ‘Emancipation,‘” New York…
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4. David Brion Davis, “The Emancipation Moment,” in Lincoln, the War President: The Gettysburg Lectures, ed. …
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5. Colleen Shogan, The Moral Rhetoric of American Presidents (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 20…
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6. Throughout this essay, I refer to the Appeal as King’s text, despite the fact that there were many involve…
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7. “President Urged to End Race Laws,” 29.
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8. Trezzvant W. Anderson, “Requested by JFK: Dr. King’s Magna Charta Is Far-Reaching Document,” Pittsburgh Co…
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9. For example, brief mentions of King's call for a second emancipation proclamation appear in Steven Levings…
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Robert Cook, Troubled Commemoration: The American Civil War Centennial, 1961-1965 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana Sta…
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Eric Sundquist, King's Dream: The Legacy of Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" Speech (New Haven, CT: Yale…
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Jon Wiener, "Civil War, Cold War, Civil Rights: The Civil War Centennial in Context, 1960-1965," in The Memor…
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and Robert Cook, "From Shiloh to Selma: The Impact of the Civil War Centennial on the Black Freedom Struggle …
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10. David W. Blight, American Oracle: The Civil War in the Civil Rights Era (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of …
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David W. Blight and Allison Scharfstein, "King's Forgotten Manifesto," New York Times, May 16, 2012, http://w…
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Karen Grigsby Bates, "1963 Emancipation Proclamation Party Lacked a Key Guest," National Public Radio, Februa…
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11. Martin Luther King Jr., “Address for the Formation of the Gandhi Society for Human Rights,” May 17, 1962,…
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12. An exchange of three letters occurred through which King requested use of the Lincoln Memorial and Secret…
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Stewart Udall to Martin Luther King Jr., March, 14 1962, box 24, folder 17, Series I: Primary Correspondence …
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Martin Luther King Jr. to Stewart Udall, March 23, 1962, box 24, folder 17, Series I: Primary Correspondence …
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13. Branch, Parting the Waters, 590.
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14. Jared Peatman, The Long Shadow of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University …
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15. David W. Blight, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harv…
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16. Robert Hariman, "Theory without Modernity," in Prudence: Classical Virtue, Postmodern Practice, ed. Rober…
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Rhetoric Society Quarterly
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17. Hariman, “Theory without Modernity,” 5–6.
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18. Robert E. Terrill, “Protest, Prophecy, and Prudence in the Rhetoric of Malcolm X,” Rhetoric & Public Affa…
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19. Kirt H. Wilson, “The Contested Space of Prudence in the 1874–1875 Civil Rights Debate,” Quarterly Journal…
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20. James Jasinski, “Idioms of Prudence in Three Antebellum Controversies: Revolution, Constitution, and Slav…
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21. Jasinski, “Idioms of Prudence in Three Antebellum Controversies,” 145–88.
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22. Jasinski, “Idioms of Prudence in Three Antebellum Controversies,” 178.
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23. Brian Amsden, “Democratic Prudence and the Youth Suffrage Debate,” Argumentation and Advocacy 48 (Summer …
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24. Wilson, “The Contested Space of Prudence,” 131, 145.
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25. Nathan Stormer, “Recursivity: A Working Paper on Rhetoric and Mnesis,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 99 (20…
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Advances in the History of Rhetoric
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27. Mary E. Stuckey, Defining Americans: The Presidency and National Identity (Lawrence: University Press of …
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28. Samuel Perry, “Barack Obama, Civil Mourning, and Prudence in Presidential Rhetoric,” Howard Journal of Co…
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29. See Shogan, The Moral Rhetoric of American Presidents, 113–27.
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30. Garth E. Pauley, The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights: Rhetoric on Race from Roosevelt to Nixon (Colleg…
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31. Commission on Presidential Debates, “October 7, 1960 Debate Transcript: The Second Kennedy–Nixon Presiden…
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32. Pauley, The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights, 116.
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33. “Louis E. Martin Oral History Interview—JFK #2, 04/07/1966,” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Mus…
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34. Pauley, The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights, 110.
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35. Pauley, The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights, 108, 111.
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36. Pauley, The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights, 109.
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37. John Murphy, “Domesticating Dissent: The Kennedys and the Freedom Rides,” Communication Monographs 59 (19…
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38. “News Conference 14, July 19, 1961,” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, https://www.jfklibr…
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39. “News Conference 14, July 19, 1961.”
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40. John F. Kennedy, “Radio and Television Address on the Situation at the University of Mississippi, 30 Sept…
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41. Kennedy, “Radio and Television Address on the Situation at the University of Mississippi, 30 September 1962.”
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42. Jasinski, “Idioms of Prudence in Three Antebellum Controversies,” 189.
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43. Kennedy, “Radio and Television Address on the Situation at the University of Mississippi, 30 September 1962.”
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44. For additional discussion of how prudence shapes a rhetor’s vision of what is possible, see Terrill, “Pro…
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45. Stormer, “Recursivity,” 27.
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46. Stormer, “Recursivity,” 27, 42.
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47. Stormer, “Recursivity,” 41.
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48. Stephen H. Browne, “Edmund Burke’s Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol and the Texture of Prudence,” in Pru…
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Rhetoric Society Quarterly
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50. Stormer, “Recursivity,” 42.
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51. See Cook, Troubled Commemoration.
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52. See, for instance, the Civil War Centennial Commission, “Guide for the Observance of the Centennial of th…
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53. The Civil War Centennial Commission, “Facts about the Civil War,” 1960, folder “Commission Publications,”…
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54. Robert Cook, “(Un)furl That Banner: The Response of White Southerners to the Civil War Centennial of 1961…
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55. The Civil War Centennial Commission, “Facts about the Civil War.”
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56. King, “Address for the Formation of the Gandhi Society for Human Rights,” 4–5.
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57. Martin Luther King Jr., “Address to the New York State Civil War Centennial Commission,” September 12, 19…
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58. “King Bids for 2nd Proclamation to ‘Free Negroes from Segregation,‘” Chicago Daily Defender (Daily Editio…
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59. King, “Address for the Formation of the Gandhi Society for Human Rights,” 2.
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60. Martin Luther King Jr., “Equality Now: The President Has the Power,” Nation, February 4, 1961, 93.
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61. King, “Address for the Formation of the Gandhi Society for Human Rights,” 2.
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62. Branch and Edwards, “A Second Emancipation.”
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63. After Kennedy’s assassination in 1963, King cited this moment as one of his most “pleasant” memories of t…
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64. Blight and Scharfstein, “King’s Forgotten Manifesto;” and Branch, Parting the Waters, 518.
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65. “MLK/JFK on Abolition of Segregation.” October 16, 1961, box 2, folder “10/16/61 Statements re Emancipati…
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66. “3 Major Southern Railroads Desegregate All Facilities,” Baltimore Afro-American, October 28, 1961, 17.
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67. “3 Major Southern Railroads Desegregate All Facilities,” 17.
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68. Anderson, “Requested by JFK.”
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69. Anderson, “Requested by JFK.”
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70. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, “NAACP 52nd Annual Convention Resolutions,” J…
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71. Mrs. Walter G. Hiltner, Committee Chairman of Christian Friends for Racial Equality, to John F. Kennedy, …
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72. John F. Kennedy, “January 11, 1962: State of the Union Address,” Miller Center, University of Virginia, h…
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73. “The Burden and the Glory,” New York Times, January 12, 1962, 33.
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74. Maurice Fagan to Martin Luther King Jr., June 18, 1962, box 33, folder 11, Series I: Correspondence 1958-…
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B. Tartt Bell, Executive Secretary of the American Friends Service Committee, to Wyatt Walker, September 20, …
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Martin Luther King Jr. to A. Philip Randolph, June 29, 1962, box 19, folder 54, Series I: Correspondence 1958…
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75. “King to Present Emancipation Document to JFK,” May 10, 1962, box 120, folder 8, Series IX: Publications …
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76. Gould Maynard, “SCLC Kicks Off National Petition Campaign,” May 17, 1962, box 120, folder 8, Series IX: P…
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77. “WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speaking of African American civil rights, including …
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Rhetoric & Public Affairs
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79. King, “Appeal,” 4, 34.
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80. Douglas L. Wilson, Lincoln's Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words (New York: Vintage Books, 2006), 105
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and Richard Hofstadter, The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, …
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81. Jones, in fact, cited the Appeal as an example of a text to which he made “extensive editorial contributi…
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82. King, “Appeal,” 22.
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83. “President Urged to End Race Laws,” 29.
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84. King, “Appeal,” 33.
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85. Recall earlier discussion in this essay regarding Kennedy’s intervention to stop violence directed at the…
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86. King, “Appeal,” 34.
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87. King, “Appeal,” 7.
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88. King, “Appeal,” 31.
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89. “Mr. Kennedy on Civil Rights,” New York Times, January 17, 1962, 30.
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90. Abraham Lincoln, “The Repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the Propriety of Its Restoration: Speech at P…
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91. For instance, on August 14, 1862 Lincoln met with a delegation of African Americans at the White House to…
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92. Allen C. Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America (New York: Simon and …
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93. Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, 5–6.
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94. As quoted in Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, 5.
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95. King, “Appeal,” 27.
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96. King, “Address to the New York State Civil War Centennial Commission,” 7–8.
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97. King, “Appeal,” 3.
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98. King, “Appeal,” 6.
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99. King, “Appeal,” 27.
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100. King, “Appeal,” 3.
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101. King, “Appeal,” 31.
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102. John F. Kennedy, “Emancipation Proclamation Centennial,” December 28, 1962, box 5, folder “Emancipation …
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103. Accounts vary wildly, ranging from 800 to 1,000 invitees and from 400 to 1,000 attendees. See Simeon Boo…
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"Biggest Reception Ever: President Kennedy Entertains 1,000 Negroes at White House," Ebony, May 1963, 89-94
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and Regis D. Bobonis, "Negro Progress in 100 Years Assessed at the White House," February 16, 1963, Pittsburg…
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104. “Biggest Reception Ever,” 89–94.
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105. Berl I. Bernhard to Lee White, memo, June 19, 1962, box 20, folder “Emancipation Proclamation Anniversar…
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106. John F. Kennedy, “Statement of the President,” February 12, 1963, box WH-9, folder “Emancipation Proclam…
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107. John M. Murphy, John F. Kennedy and the Liberal Persuasion (East Lansing: Michigan State University Pres…
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108. John F. Kennedy, “June 11, 1963: Address on Civil Rights,” Miller Center, University of Virginia, https:…
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109. Jackie Robinson, "Pres. Kennedy Is a Fine Man, but Abraham Lincoln, He Ain't!," Philadelphia Tribune, Ma…
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and Jackie Robinson, "Jackie Robinson Says: Kennedy Not Another Lincoln," Chicago Defender, June 9, 1962, 8.
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110. Martin Luther King Jr., “J.F.K’s Executive Order in Housing,” December 13, 1962, 1–2, box 3, folder “JFK…
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111. Martin Luther King Jr., “The Quest for Peace and Justice: Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964,” in Nobel Le…
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112. Martin Luther King Jr. to Lyndon B. Johnson, July 16, 1965, box 13, folder 7, Primary Correspondence 195…
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113. As quoted in Aimee Ortiz, “Emmett Till Memorial Has a New Sign. This Time, It’s Bulletproof,” New York T…