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References (156) · 2 in this index
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1. Frederick G. Banting, Diabetes and Insulin: Nobel Lecture Delivered at Stockholm on September 15, 1925 (St…
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2. Michael Bliss, The Discovery of Insulin (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1982), 11, 25–27.
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3. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 28–29.
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4. Frederick G. Banting, “The History of Insulin,” Cameron Prize Lecture, Pamphlet reprinted from the Edinbur…
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5. Banting, Diabetes and Insulin, 2.
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6. Michael Bliss, “Special Lecture: J. J. R. Macleod and the Discovery of Insulin,” Quarterly Journal of Expe…
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7. Frederick G. Banting, Letter to Colonel Albert Gooderham, Special Collections, GC/67/2, Wellcome Library, …
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8. One good reproduction of this photograph may be found in Bliss, Discovery of Insulin.
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9. Michael Bliss, “The Eclipse and Rehabilitation of JJR Macleod, Scotland’s Insulin Laureate,” Journal of th…
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10. J. B. Collip, January 8, 1922, quoted in Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 84.
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11. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 11-12, 111-13, 126. Macleod later noted in his Nobel Lecture that the name "…
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J. J. R. Macleod, The Physiology of Insulin and Its Source in the Animal Body: Nobel Lecture Delivered at Sto…
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12. Banting, Diabetes and Insulin, 16.
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13. Collip was often circumspect in his discussion of the discovery process, having not been there at the adv…
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14. We further believe that the fraught relationship among the insulin principals, and related charges of the…
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15. Struan Jacobs, “Scientifıc Community: Formulations and Critique of a Sociological Motif,” British Journal…
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16. Walter R. Fisher, Human Communication as Narration: Toward a Philosophy of Reason, Value, and Action (Col…
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17. Lawrence J. Prelli, A Rhetoric of Science: Inventing Scientifıc Discourse (Columbia: University of South …
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18. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 229–30. Bliss is largely quoting from an unpublished 1940 memoir by Frederic…
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19. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 230.
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20. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 230–32.
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21. Michael Bliss, “Banting’s, Best’s, and Collip’s Accounts of the Discovery of Insulin” (introduction), Bul…
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22. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 85, 200.
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23. From Banting, we will examine his account to Gooderham (1922), his Nobel Lecture (1923), and his Cameron …
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24. Michael Bliss, “Rewriting Medical History: Charles Best and the Banting and Best Myth,” Journal of the Hi…
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25. Bliss, “Rewriting Medical History,” 257. In 1953, the Best Institute opened at the University of Toronto,…
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26. István Hargittai, The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists (Oxford: Oxford University…
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27. Bliss, “Rewriting Medical History,” 253.
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28. Ultimately, Banting came to have a strong animus toward Best, partly fueled by their butting heads at the…
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29. Bliss, “Special Lecture,” 87.
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30. As Michael Bliss wrote, in celebrating the righting of the insulin record, “No one in 2013 would say that…
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31. Ronald D. Vale and Anthony A. Hyman, “Priority of Discovery in the Life Sciences,” eLife 5 (2016), https:…
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32. Alan G. Gross, “Do Disputes Over Priority Tell Us Anything About Science?” Science in Context 11 (1998): 161.
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33. Augustine Brannigan, The Social Basis of Scientifıc Discoveries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1…
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34. Richard D. Besel, “Opening the ‘Black Box’ of Climate Change Science: Actor-Network Theory and Rhetorical…
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35. Prelli, A Rhetoric of Science, 110-11. Although scientists' apparent fıdelity may be to the scientifıc co…
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and J. M. Ziman, Public Knowledge: An Essay Concerning the Social Dimension of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge …
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36. Michael Mulkay, “The Mediating Role of the Scientifıc Elite,” Social Studies of Science 6 (1976): 446–48.
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37. Prelli, A Rhetoric of Science, 143.
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38. Vale and Hyman, “Priority of Discovery.”
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39. Mulkay, “Mediating Role,” 452, 454.
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40. Michael J. Mulkay, The Social Process of Innovation: A Study in the Sociology of Science (London: MacMill…
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41. Mulkay, The Social Process of Innovation, 23.
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42. Besel, “Opening the ‘Black Box,‘” 125. For the importance of “a balanced negotiation between text and con…
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43. Craig O. Stewart, “Socioscientifıc Controversies: A Theoretical and Methodological Framework,” Communicat…
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44. Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar, Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientifıc Facts (Princeton, N.J.: P…
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45. G. Nigel Gilbert and Michael Mulkay, Opening Pandora's Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists' Discou…
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and, as Anna Da Fina states, our storytelling changes shape as it is "embedd[ed] in social life." Anna De Fin…
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46. Some studies seek the differences between self-narratives directed to a public versus a scientifıc audien…
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47. Gilbert and Mulkay, Opening Pandora’s Box, 15.
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48. Anna De Fina and Alexandra Georgakopoulou, “Introduction: Narrative Analysis in the Shift from Texts to P…
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49. Paul Watzlawick and Janet Beavin, “Some Formal Aspects of Communication,” American Behavioral Scientist 1…
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50. As Watzlawick and Beavin maintain, our very inclination to punctuate events provides ample opportunity fo…
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51. Donald E. Polkinghorne, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences (Albany: State University of New York Pr…
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52. Frederick G. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 1.
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53. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 3.
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54. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 4.
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55. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 5–6.
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56. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 7.
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57. As Banting would say in his Cameron Prize Lecture, his goal with a public audience was to “endeavour to t…
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58. J. J. R. Macleod, “History of the Researches Leading to the Discovery of Insulin,” Account sent to Col. A…
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59. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 6–8.
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60. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 7.
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61. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 10.
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62. Oddly, given this nod to chance, Best did not embrace the story that E. C. Noble tossed a coin with him t…
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63. Best, “A Report of the Discovery,” 2.
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64. J. B. Collip, “The History of the Discovery of Insulin,” Northwest Medicine 22 (1923): 267. Later in the …
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65. Collip, “History of the Discovery,” 267. But Collip also positioned the results of the Toronto work “as a…
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66. R. M. Pearce, “Chance and the Prepared Mind,” Science 35 (1912): 941. This famous quote of Pasteur is mos…
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67. John Ziman, An Introduction to Science Studies: The Philosophical and Social Aspects of Science and Techn…
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68. Derek J. de Solla Price, Little Science, Big Science … And Beyond (New York: Columbia University Press, 1…
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69. See, for example, Rebecca M. Herzig, Suffering for Science: Reason and Sacrifıce in Modern America (New B…
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70. Ziman, Introduction to Science Studies, 134. The construction of buildings for research arose with the in…
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71. Kerry Holden, “Lamenting the Golden Age: Love, Labour and Loss in the Collective Memory of Scientists,” S…
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72. Mary Jo Nye, “Mine, Thine, and Ours: Collaboration and Co-Authorship in the Material Culture of the Mid-T…
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73. Nye, “Mine, Thine, and Ours,” 234.
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74. Complicating this tension between the lone and collective scientist may be a sense of whether “discovery”…
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75. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 1; Banting, Diabetes and Insulin, 2.
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76. Christine Trott, “Rhetorical Invention in the Discovery of Insulin,” Technostyle 16 (2000): 52. Trott’s e…
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77. Banting, “History of Insulin,” Cameron Prize Lecture, 17.
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78. Banting, “History of Insulin,” Cameron Prize Lecture, 17.
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79. We would like to thank Leah Ceccarelli for pointing out the romantic/sexual nature of this passage.
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80. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 4–5.
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81. In the Cameron Prize Lecture, after talking about the “kindly and gentle treatment” afforded to the dogs …
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82. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 6.
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83. At times, for Best, the “idea” was crystallized into the form viewed as guiding scientifıc research: “A h…
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84. Best, “A Report of the Discovery,” 2. In separating out his work with Banting from the influence of Macle…
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85. Best, “A Report of the Discovery,” 3.
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86. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 6–7.
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87. Macleod could easily call Banting and Best on any claims for “the idea of using alcohol at different conc…
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88. Best, “A Report of the Discovery,” 4. Best stated that Collip did the initial glycogen estimation, but he…
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89. Quoted in Nye, “Mine, Thine, and Ours,” 216.
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90. As the head of an insulin team that included Banting and still was working toward a therapeutic outcome, …
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91. J. J. R. Macleod letter to A. V. Hill, 3rd Nov. 1931, 301853, GC/167, Wellcome Library. Macleod was in th…
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92. J. B. Collip, “Recollections of Sir Frederick Banting,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 47 (1942): 4…
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93. Collip, “Recollections of Sir Frederick Banting,” 401.
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94. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 2.
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95. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 2. Macleod put forward his own version of this same move, mentioning that,…
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96. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 2–3. Primarily, Macleod’s focus was on the belief that “the present…
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97. James W. McAllister, “Rhetoric of Effortlessness in Science,” Perspectives on Science 24 (2016): 145–46.
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98. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 3.
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99. Best, “Discovery of Insulin,” 1947, 17. Best is gracious in acknowledging the contribution of Macleod in …
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100. Best, “Discovery of Insulin,” 1947, 18.
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101. Charles Best, “The Discovery of Insulin,” Proceedings of the American Diabetes Association 6 (1946): 88.
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102. Charles Best, “Reminiscences of the Researches Which Led to the Discovery of Insulin,” Canadian Medical …
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103. Best, “Discovery of Insulin,” 1946, 88.
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104. Best, “Discovery of Insulin,” 1946, 88. Macleod and Collip were not nearly as visual in their recounting…
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105. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 5. An entire study could be conducted on active and passive voice …
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106. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 5. Despite these indications of collaboration, Banting repeatedly …
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107. Cathy Sampson and Paul Atkinson, “The Golden Star: An Emotional Repertoire of Scientifıc Discovery and L…
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108. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 90–91. Michael Bliss has written that this was an informal meeting and repo…
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109. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 4.
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110. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 3.
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111. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 4. By prior arrangement, Best was scheduled to show the charts, and that …
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112. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 6. According to Macleod’s Gooderham account, Banting complained to collea…
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113. Nye, “Mine, Thine, and Ours,” 234.
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Technical Communication Quarterly
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Technical Communication Quarterly
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115. Harris, “Reception Studies,” 249.
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116. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 5.
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117. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 6. Macleod regretted allowing Banting and Best to beg off—as too e…
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118. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 10.
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119. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 10.
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120. Occasionally, this disagreement over the prerogatives of the “chief” is stated clearly. In addressing Ba…
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121. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 1.
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122. Banting, Account to Gooderham, 1–4. In a different category was Professor Henderson, who later found Ban…
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123. Macleod, Introductory Letter to Gooderham, 2.
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124. Macleod, Introductory Letter to Gooderham, 2.
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125. Macleod, Introductory Letter to Gooderham, 2.
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126. Macleod, Introductory Letter to Gooderham, 3.
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127. Collip, “Recollections of Sir Frederick Banting,” 401.
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128. J. B. Collip, “Obituary Notices: John James Rickard Macleod,” Biochemistry 29 (1935): 1256.
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129. Collip, “Recollections of Sir Frederick Banting,” 401.
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130. In his Cameron Prize Lecture, Banting shared the award with a “group of workers” whose “whole-hearted as…
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131. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 65–66. A more serious fıght was narrowly avoided in January 1922, when Coll…
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132. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 4.
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133. Collip, “Obituary Notices,” 1256.
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134. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 3; Macleod, Introductory Letter to Gooderham, 2; and Macleod, “His…
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135. J. B. Collip, “Reminiscences on the Discovery of Insulin,” Journal of the Canadian Medical Association 8…
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136. Macleod, “History of the Researches,” 4. In January 1922, Macleod did step forward in his role as chief …
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137. Alberto de Leiva, Eula’lia Brugués, and Alejandra de Leiva-Pérez, “The Discovery of Insulin: Continued C…
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138. Robert K. Merton, The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (Chicago, IL: Unive…
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139. Bliss, Discovery of Insulin, 87.
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140. Bliss, “Rewriting Medical History,” 273–74.
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141. Letter from J. J. R. Macleod to August Krogh, October 27, 1922, Best (Charles Herbert) Papers, the Disco…
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142. Rosenfeld, “Insulin: Discovery and Controversy,” 2282–84); and Jan Lindsten, “August Krogh and the Nobel…
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143. As early as 1976, Steven Woolgar contemplated the diffıculties in squaring scientifıc accounts of discov…
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144. Gilbert and Mulkay, Opening Pandora’s Box, 11
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145. Wayne Booth introduced the term “unreliable narrator” in 1961 to mean a narrator “discovered to be untru…
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146. Fiona Otway, “The Unreliable Narrator in Documentary,” Journal of Film and Video 67 (2015): 13.
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147. Otway, “Unreliable Narrator,” 8. In fact, as Fiona Otway argues, the very “presence of an unreliable nar…
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148. For example, see Mark Jurdjevic and Caitlin Tillman, "Texts and Documents: E. C. Noble in June 1921, and…
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Dimitrios T. Karamitsos, "The Story of Insulin Discovery," Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 93 (2011): S2-S8
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Jesse Roth, Sana Qureshi, Ian Whitford, Mladen Vranic, C. Ronald Kahn, I. George Fantus, and John H. Dirks, "…
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149. Merton, Sociology of Science, 321–22. Lawrence Prelli has written extensively of the way scientists depl…
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150. Carol Reeves, “Owning a Virus: The Rhetoric of Scientifıc Discovery Accounts,” in Landmark Essays on Rhe…