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References (114) · 3 in this index
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1. Richard Wolffe and Darren Briscoe, “Across the Divide,” Newsweek, July 16, 2007, 21–34.
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2. Wolffe and Briscoe, “Across the Divide,” 24–25. And see Joann F. Price, Barack Obama: The Voice of an Amer…
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3. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, “Agency: Promiscuous and Protean,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 2 (2…
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4. Philip S. S. Howard, “Turning Out the Center: Racial Politics and African Agency in the Obama Era,” Journa…
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5. Barack Obama, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (New York: Crown Publishers,…
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6. Obama, The Audacity of Hope, 248–49.
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7. For further discussion, see, for example, Steven R. Goldzwig and Patricia A. Sullivan, “Contesting the So-…
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8. As Glaude Jr. observes, “Expectations that we had someone in the White House who was truly sensitive to th…
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9. Alan Jenkins, “Bridging the Racial Opportunity Gap,” National Civic Review 98, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 9–12.
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10. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 6, 30, 31.
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11. A close examination of black incarceration and its impact provides support for Glaude Jr.’s claim that th…
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12. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 39.
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13. Howard, “Turning Out the Center,” 382.
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14. Quoted in Michael Eric Dyson, The Black Presidency: Barack Obama and the Politics of Race in America (Bos…
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15. Quoted in Dyson, The Black Presidency, 5.
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16. Dyson, The Black Presidency, 5.
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17. Part of Obama’s problem with Congress was a product of gerrymandering. After the 2010 midterm elections, …
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18. What is indisputably clear is that attempting to address racial issues directly portended negative reperc…
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19. Denise M. Bostdorff and Steven R. Goldzwig, “History, Collective Memory, and the Appropriation of Martin …
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20. Kristen Hoerl, “Selective Amnesia and Racial Transcendence in News Coverage of President Obama’s Inaugura…
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21. Parul Sehgal, “Fighting ‘Erasure,‘” New York Times Magazine, February 2, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/201…
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22. Dyson, The Black Presidency, 67. For further discussion, see Eric King Watts, "The Problems of Race in Pu…
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and Eric King Watts, "The (Nearly) Apocalyptic Politics of 'Postracial' America: Or 'This Is Now the United S…
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23. Martell Teasley and David Ikard, “Barack Obama and the Politics of Race: The Myth of Postracism in Americ…
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24. Quoted in Wolffe and Briscoe, “Across the Divide,” 26.
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25. Kent A. Ono, “Postracism: A Theory of the ‘Post‘—as Political Strategy,” Journal of Communication Inquiry…
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26. Glaude Jr. argues it is diffıcult to “talk directly about black suffering in this country” without “alien…
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27. See also Roger Cohen, “Beyond America’s Original Sin,” New York Times, March 20, 2008, editorial, http://…
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Rhetoric & Public Affairs
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Jean Costanza Miller, "From the Parlor to the Barnyard: Obama and Holder on Race," Communication Quarterly 61…
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and Robert E. Terrill, "Unity and Duality in Barack Obama's 'A More Perfect Union,'" Quarterly Journal of Spe…
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29. Mark L. McPhail and David A. Frank, “Slouching toward Coherence: Rhetoric, Religion, and the Broken Promi…
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30. Robert E. Terrill, Double-Consciousness and the Rhetoric of Barack Obama: The Price and Promise of Citize…
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31. Thomas L. Dumm, “Barack Obama and the Souls of White Folk,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 5…
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32. Howard, “Turning Out the Center,” 386, 387.
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33. Mark Lawrence McPhail, “Killing Freedom: License as Adaptive Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era,” 50th A…
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34. Terrill, Double-Consciousness, 155–57.
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35. Ebony Utley and Amy L. Heyse, “Barack Obama’s (Im)Perfect Union: An Analysis of the Strategic Successes a…
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36. Allison M. Prasch, “Obama in Selma: Deixis, Rhetorical Vision, and the ‘True Meaning of America,‘” Quarte…
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37. Barack Obama, “Selma: Transcript,” President Barack Obama’s Speech in Selma, Time, March 7, 2015, http://…
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38. Obama, “Selma: Transcript.”
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39. Prasch, “Obama in Selma,” 58–59; and Obama, “Selma: Transcript.”
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40. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Presidents Creating the Presidency: Deeds Done in Words…
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41. Barack Obama, “Remarks at a Memorial Service for Victims of the Shootings in Tucson, Arizona,” January 12…
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Rhetoric & Public Affairs
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and Jamie Landau and Bethany Keeley-Jonker, "Conductor of Public Feelings: An Affective-Emotional Rhetorical …
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43. For additional background, see David Remnick, “Blood at the Root,” New Yorker, September 21, 2015, http:/…
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44. J. Gordon Melton, “Methodism,” in Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Pra…
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45. Larry Murphy, “African Methodist Episcopal Church,” in Religions of the World, 38.
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46. Murphy, “African Methodist Episcopal Church,” 38–39; and Julius H. Bailey, Race Patriotism: Protest and P…
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47. Bailey, Race Patriotism, xiv; and Lawrence H. Mamiya, “A Social History of the Bethel African Methodist E…
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48. African Methodist Episcopal Church, “Our Beliefs,” https://www.ame-church.com/our-church/our-beliefs/. A …
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49. John G. McEllhenney and Charles Yrigoyen Jr., “Methodism A to Z,” in T and T Clark Companion to Methodism…
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50. McEllhenney and Yrigoyen, “Methodism A to Z,” 481–82; John Wesley, “The Scripture Way of Salvation,” in T…
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51. Wesley, “The Scripture Way of Salvation,” 157–58.
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52. McEllhenney and Yrigoyen, “Methodism A to Z,” 481–82.
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53. Wesley, “The Scripture Way of Salvation,” 158; and McEllhennney and Yrigoyen 482–83.
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54. Wesley, “The Scripture Way of Salvation,” 160; and AME Church, “What We Believe.”
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55. Carder, “A Wesleyan Understanding”; also Wesley, “The Scripture Way of Salvation,” 169.
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56. Vergilius Ferm, “Methodism,” in An Encyclopedia of Religion (New York: Philosophical Library, 1945), 488;…
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57. Wesley, “The Scripture Way of Salvation,” 163; Carder, “A Wesleyan Understanding”; also African Methodist…
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58. See, for example, J. Gordon Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions (Wilmington, NC: McGrath Publi…
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59. See, for example, Assemblies of God, “The Security of the Believer,” http://evangelicalarminians.org/wp-c…
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60. Richard S. Newman, Freedom’s Prophet: Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church, and the Black Founding Father…
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61. Bailey, Race Patriotism, xii-xv, 114; and Cornelius L. Bynum, A. Philip Randolph and the Struggle for Civ…
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62. In 1822, for instance, Denmark Vesey—a former slave who helped build Charleston’s Emanuel AME Church wher…
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63. Barack Obama, “Address to AME General Assembly,” St. Louis, MO, June 5, 2008, https://www.youtube.com/wat…
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64. By “black church,” we borrow from Pinn, who uses this terminology “to denote the collective reality of bl…
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65. Lisa Miller, “Barack Obama’s Christian Journey,” Newsweek, July 11, 2008, https://www.newsweek.com/cover-…
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66. All quotes come from an authenticated text, constructed on October 22, 2018, by watching the video and co…
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67. Hebrews 11:1-13, Revised Standard Version, The Layman’s Parallel Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Bible…
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68. See Matthew 25:35-40, Revised Standard Version, The Layman’s Parallel Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan …
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69. Terrill, Double-Consciousness, 99.
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70. James Fallows, “Obama’s Grace,” Atlantic, June 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/…
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71. H. Samy Alim and Geneva Smitherman, “Obama’s English,” Editorial, New York Times, September 8, 2012, http…
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Rhetoric Society Quarterly
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73. Obama’s repetition of the term “act” in this passage functioned as what Prasch and other scholars—drawing…
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74. Campbell and Jamieson, Presidents Creating the Presidency, 103; Barack Obama, “Address at the National Co…
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75. Martin J. Medhurst, “George W. Bush at Goree Island: American Slavery and the Rhetoric of Redemption,” Qu…
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76. See “Families Say They Forgive Charleston Church Shooting Suspect,” ABC News, June 20, 2015, https://www.…
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77. In their analysis of Franklin Roosevelt’s 1932 campaign rhetoric, Houck and Kiewe observed that FDR simil…
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78. David Sheward, “The Real Story Behind ’Amazing Grace,’” Biography, March 17, 2016, https://www.biography.…
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79. For more on how visual language can convey leadership, see Houck and Kiewe, FDR’s Body Politics, 87-92; a…
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80. Obama, “A More Perfect Union.”
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81. Terrill, Double-Consciousness, 72-73, 157.
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82. Intriguingly, Medhurst suggests, “Those 13 seconds … were crucial to the meaning of the entire speech. Fo…
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83. Michiko Kakutani, “Obama’s Eulogy, Which Found Its Place in History,” New York Times, July 3, 2015, http:…
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84. Katison, “The Hymn,” 142-44.
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85. Landau and Keeley-Jonker, “Conductor of Public Feelings,” 167.
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86. Kakutani, “Obama’s Eulogy.”
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87. Fallows, “Obama’s Grace.”
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88. Gregory Korte, “First Take: Eulogy Was Obama at His Best,” USA Today, June 26, 2015, https://www.usatoday…
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89. Remnick, “Blood at the Root.”
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90. “Don Lemon and Van Jones React to Obama’s Eulogy,” June 26, 2015, CNN, video, https://www.cnn.com/videos/…
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91. Seamusheaney123 and Tyrone Green, Comments on “President Obama Delivers Eulogy—Full Video,” C-SPAN, June …
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92. See Marilyn McPherson, Derek Jon85, and Shimmal87, Comments on C-SPAN; and Derek Jones, Comments on Fox 1…
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93. Both sites have numerous positive references to the religiosity of the speech; for examples of people who…
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94. SuperCushcush, Comments on Fox 10 Phoenix; Linda Dunkerson and Charity Dell, Comments on C-Span.
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95. Interview with Lester Spence by David Greene, “Is Obama Finally Becoming the President African-Americans …
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96. Barbara E. Boylston, Letter to the Editor, Charleston (S.C.) Post and Courier, July 8, 2015, https://www.…
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97. See, for example, Mark Rich, FZentura, and ford522, Comments on C-Span; and Lora, Comments on Fox 10 Phoenix.
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98. See, for example, Jules John 3:16, Comments on Fox 10 Phoenix; and Marilyn Stoflet, Natalie Walters, and …
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99. Jenny McFarlin and also ford5522, Comments on Fox 10 Phoenix; josh byrd, xonkkram1, and GreywolfStudios 7…
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100. See “List of U.S. Mass Shootings.”
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101. For more on Obama’s efforts at gun control, see “Live Updates: What the President Is Doing to Keep Guns …
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102. See, for example, Wesley Lowery, Kimberly Kindy, and Andrew Ba Tran, “In the United States, Right-Wing V…
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103. For a useful discussion of obstacles to gun control in the United States, see Adam Gropnik, “From Las Ve…
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104. Prasch, “Obama in Selma,” 43.
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105. Tom McCarthy, “Obama’s Post-Presidential Life: What Does His Second Act Have in Store?” Guardian, Decemb…
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106. Joshua 24:1-29, Revised Standard Version, The Layman’s Parallel Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Bible…
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107. Medhurst, “Barack Obama’s 2009 Inaugural,” 195-96, 208-18.
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108. Medhurst, "Barack Obama's 2009 Inaugural," 197
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and Martin J. Medhurst, "Testing the Narrative Signature Perspective: The Case of Obama and Health Care Refor…
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109. Prasch, “Obama at Selma,” 44.