LET me begin with something like a confession. In the early days of my graduate study I suddenly came upon what was to me a new world, a discovery that eventually changed my whole view of language and grammar. This discovery-this new world to me-was linguistic science, that is, the principles and the techniques first used in western Europe at the beginning of the nineteenth century for the study of linguistic relationships and then developed and applied more widely by the great scholars in language ever since that time. This new world of modern