Review of three titles: William Charvat. The Profession of Authorship in America, 1800-1870. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. Foreword by Howard Mumford Jones. 1968. Reprint, with a new postscript to the preface. New York: Columbia UP, 1992. 327 pages. $42.50 and $15.00. John Dolis. The Style of Hawthorne's Gaze: Regarding Subjectivity. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1993. 271 pages. $42.95. G. R. Thompson. The Art of Authorial Presence: Hawthorne's Provincial Tales. Durham: Duke UP, 1993. 319 pages. $49.95 and $19.95.