(1984). Bibliography of works by Everett Lee Hunt. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 14, No. 3-4, pp. 163-172.

(1984). The enthymeme: A brief bibliography of modern sources. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 14, No. 3-4, pp. 159-162.

Abstract In their writings about one of the most important cornerstones in the edifice of psychoanalysis, Freud's interpretation of his Irma Dream, Freud and Erikson act as apologists for the modern patriarchy. Using the rhetorical persona of the progressive, scientific hero, Freud and Erikson cast themselves as protagonists in the drama of modernization. Their rhetorical structures, syntax, and diction reveal their sexism. The strategy of their discourses invites their audience to believe that the audience is witnessing scientific discoveries in the making; the rhetoric of Freud and Erikson suggests that their discourse is not patriarchal rationalization, but rational analysis, the drama of the scientific method applied for progress. Their interpretation of Freud's Irma Dream disassociates Freud from women, assigning separate behaviors for rational, progressive males and irrational, traditional females. But the truth of the Irma Dream is that it associates Freud with females and reveals the irresponsibility of both his pharmacological and psychological prescriptions.

(1983). Metaphor in argumentation. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 3-4, pp. 201-207.

(1983). Ethical responsibility in communication: A selected, annotated bibliography. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 3-4, pp. 247-253.

Rhetoric Revalued Brian Vickers, Editor. Binghamton, NY: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies. 1982. The Seven Liberal Arts in the Middle Ages. David L. Wagner, Editor. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983. Philosophical Style: An Anthology About the Writing and Reading of Philosophy. Berel Lang. Editor, Chicago: Nelson‐Hall, 1980. Pp. xiii + 546. The Incredulous Reader: Literature and the Function of Disbelief. By Clayton Koelb. Ithaca. Cornell University Press, 1984, 240 pp. Evaluating College Writing Programs. By Stephen P. Witte and Lester Faigley. Published for the Conference on College Composition and Communication. Carbondale and Edwardsville. Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983

Abstract Aristotle on Political Reasoning: A Commentary on the “Rhetoric.” Larry Arnhart. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 1981, pp. ix + 230. Cloth: $18.00.

"The most significant passage in George Campbell's philosophy of rhetoric: “Six nominations”." , 13(1), p. 3

(1983). The faculties and the ends of discourse. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 19-20.

(1983). Systems of explanation: Aristotle and burke on ‘cause’. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 41-57.

(1982). The John F. Kennedy inauguration speech: Function and importance of its “address system”. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 239-250.

(1982). The theory of rhetorical criticism: A bibliography. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 295-304.

(1982). The generic criticism of social movement rhetoric. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 251-260.

FOUR WORLDS OF WRITING, By Janice M. Lauer, Gene Montague, Andrea Lunsford, and Janet Emig (New York: Harper and Row, 1981, xvii + 423 pp.) REINVENTING THE RHETORICAL TRADITION, ed. Aviva Freedman and Ian Pringle (Conway, Arkansas: L & S Books, for the Canadian Council of Teachers of English, 1980, 197 pp.) UNDERSTANDING PERSUASION. By Raymond S. Ross and Mark G. Ross (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall, 1981, xii+228 pp.)

(1982). Quintilian's value for modern composition theory and teaching. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 95-104.

Business and Technical Writing: An Annotated Bibliography of Books 1880–1980 Gerald J. Aired, Diana C. Reep, and Mohan R. Limaye with the assistance of Michael A. Mikolajczak. London and Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1981. Philosophers on Rhetoric: Traditional and Emerging Views. Donald G. Douglas, ed. Skokie, Illinois: National Textbook Company, 1973. Four Worlds of Writing. Janice M. Lauer, Gene Montague, Andrea Lunsford, Janet Emig. New York: Harper and Row, 1981. Pp. xvii and 423.

Aristotle, Rhetoric I: A Commentary. William M. A. Grimaldi, S. J. New York: Fordham University Press, 1980, pp. viii + 362. $45.00. In the Arresting Eye: The Rhetoric of Imagism. John T. Gage. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1981. Pp. 183. Human Communication Theory: The History of a Paradigm. Nancy Harper. Rochelle Park, N.J.: Hayden, 1979. Pg. 320. The Writer's Work, Guide to Effective Composition. Dean Memering and Prank O'Hare. New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall, 1980. Pp. 474.

At the beginning of his Rhetoric, Aristotle reviews the state of current thinking and finds it lacking because it has not dealt with rhetoric's essential feature, proof. In the Rhetoric, Aristotle's professed mission is to correct this fault, to found rhetoric as an art through an examination of its essence. This concern for the essence of rhetoric-that which makes it to be what it is and not something else leads me to a familiar passage which I nominate as among the most fundamental in its significance for the way in which we read the Rhetoric. I refer to Aristotle's definition, offered in Book I. He states: Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. This is not a function of any other art. Every other art can instruct or persuade about its own particular subject-matter . . . But rhetoric we look upon as the power of observing the means of persuasion on almost any subject presented to us. . . 1 The part of this passage which the literature overlooks, for the most part, is Aristotle's indication that his definition refers to rhetoric's unique function. It is function, ergon, which I wish to discuss as holding enormous potential for our understanding of Aristotle's work, for understanding what he considered to be rhetoric' s essence. As you know, Aristotle abandoned Plato's theory of Forms. But in so doing Aristotle did not wish to relinquish the idea that one could get at definitions which would explain the essence of a thing.2 His notion of scientific knowledge turns, in fact, on being able to explain a thing's essence. Essence will be reflected in a true definition. Thus, since essence is so important, Aristotle wishes to make clear what it means and how we would discover it. Essence is not some additional component in a thing separate from material components. Nor can he say it is a material component either. So he rejects the tack of explaining essence in relationship to matter. Instead, he treats essence as the structure of a thing and links it with causality. Usually this linkage is with formal cause, and sometimes with efficient cause. For instance, the reason why some flesh and bone is cat is because it is structured by the form of cat. It is a cat because it is organized in a way that it can perform the function of cat-can realize its end-and so is influenced by its teleological striving for perfection.4 Similarly, a particular hunk of matter is human because it is organized or structured to achieve the end of humans-rational activity. As we are familiar, this is man's end. Why is it man's end? Because this is the function unique to man. Thus it is that Aristotle's discussion of the essence of anything gets tied to the crucial notion of function. And, by implication, the discussion of a thing' s function is simultaneously indicative of its essence.

These essays were originally presented on the program, Most Significant Passage in Aristotle's Rhetoric. The panel was sponsored by the American Branch of the International Society for the History of Rhetoric, chaired by Richard Leo Enos of CarnegieMellon University, and convened during the Speech Communication Association Convention in Anaheim, California, November 1981. These synoptic views are intended to serve as a basis for discussion of one of the most significant theoretical statements in the history of rhetoric.

(1981). A brief bibliography of sources on Iaocrates in English. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 263-264.

(1981). Current‐traditional rhetoric: Thirty years of writing with a purpose. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 208-221.

(1981). Imitation theory and teacher writing: An annotated bibliography. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 243-252.

(1981). Blair, byron, and the psychology of reading. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 236-242.

Serious Entertainments: The Writing of History in Twelfth—Century England. Nancy F. Partner. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1977. Pp. 289. $18.00. Rhetoric, Philosophy, and Literature; An Exploration. Edited by Don M. Burks. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1978. Pp. xiii + 115. $7.50. Basic Writing: Essays for Teachers, Researchers, Administrators. L. N. Kasden and D. R. Hoeber, editors. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE Publication, 1980. Pp. 185. Justice, Law, and Argument: Essays on Moral and Legal Reasoning. Chaim Perelman. Dordrecht and Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1980. Pp. xiii & 181. Introduction by Harold J. Berman. Homer and the Oral Tradition. G. S. Kirk. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Pp. viii & 223.