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6. Carrie Dann, “Fauci: Returning Ebola Health Workers Shouldn’t Face ‘Draconian’ Rules,” October 26, 2014, N…
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7. There were only two locally contracted cases and two deaths; no one both contracted the disease in the Uni…
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8. Aristotle, The Rhetoric, bk. 1, pt. 2, trans. W. Rhys Roberts, http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/rhetoric.html.
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9. Aristotle, Rhetoric, bk. 1, pt. 2.
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10. Craig R. Smith, “Ethos Dwells Pervasively: A Hermeneutic Reading of Aristotle on Credibility,” in The Eth…
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11. John C. McCroskey and Jason J. Teven, “Goodwill: A Reexamination of the Construct and Its Measurement,” C…
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12. Carolyn R. Miller, “The Presumptions of Expertise: The Role of Ethos in Risk Analysis,” Configurations 11…
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13. Wisse describes this as a feature of Aristotle’s theory per se, in contrast to Cicero’s theorization and …
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Leff (2009)
Argumentation
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15. Smith, “Ethos Dwells Pervasively,” 6.
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16. Wisse, Ethos and Pathos from Aristotle to Cicero; see also James M. May, Trials of Character; The Eloquen…
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17. Clifford Geertz, “Ethos, World-View, and the Analysis of Sacred Symbols,” Antioch Review 17 (1957): 622–23.
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18. Ben Ross Schneider Jr., The Ethos of Restoration Comedy (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971); Arn…
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19. James S. Baumlin and Tita French Baumlin, eds., Ethos: New Essays in Rhetorical and Critical Theory (Dall…
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20. The original debate about the merits of a "neo-Aristotelian" vs. "ideological" approach in contemporary r…
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Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, "'Conventional Wisdom-Traditional Form': A Rejoinder," Quarterly Journal of Speech 58 …
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Raymie McKerrow, "Critical Rhetoric: Theory and Praxis," Communication Monographs 56 (1989): 91-111
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Ronald Walter Greene, "Another Materialist Rhetoric," Critical Studies in Mass Communication 15 (1998): 21-24
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and Ronald Walter Greene, "Rhetorical Pedagogy as a Postal System," Quarterly Journal of Speech 88 (2002): 434-43.
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Baumlin et al. (1995)
College Composition and Communication
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22. Michael J. Hyde, “Introduction: Rhetorically, We Dwell,” in The Ethos of Rhetoric (Columbia: University o…
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23. Smith, “Ethos Dwells Pervasively”; and Carole Blair and Neil Michel, “The Rushmore Effect: Ethos and Nati…
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24. Eric King Watts, “The Ethos of a Black Aesthetic: An Exploration of Larry Neal’s Visions of a Liberated F…
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25. Martin J. Medhurst, "Religious Rhetoric and the Ethos of Democracy: A Case Study of the 2000 Presidential…
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and David Zarefsky, "George W. Bush Discovers Rhetoric: September 20, 2001, and the U.S. Response to Terroris…
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26. Kathleen J. Ryan, Nancy Myers, and Rebecca Jones, “Identifying Feminist Ecological Ethe,” in Rethinking E…
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27. Preface to Rethinking Ethos, vii.
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Pittman (2006)
Rhetoric Society Quarterly
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29. Marshall W. Alcorn, “Self-Structure as a Rhetorical Device: Modern Ethos and the Divisiveness of the Self…
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30. Judy Segal and Alan Richardson, “Introduction to Scientific Ethos; Authority, Authorship, and Trust in th…
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31. Alcorn, “Self-Structure as a Rhetorical Device,” 18–19.
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32. One of the three parts of their collection is titled “Ethe as Relation-Relating.”
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33. The theory here offered should not be criticized for failing to present Foucault or other theorists authe…
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34. Foucault gives the theorist or critic employing his theory an implicit role “outside” the discourse of th…
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35. Lisa Keränen, Scientific Characters: Rhetoric, Politics, and Trust in Breast Cancer Research (Tuscaloosa:…
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36. Jeanne Fahnestock and Marie Secor, “The Stases in Scientific and Literary Argument,” Written Communicatio…
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37. Thomas B. Farrell and G. Thomas Goodnight, “Accidental Rhetoric: The Root Metaphors of Three Mile Island,…
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38. Yaneer Bar-Yam, “Risking It All: Why Are Public Authorities Not Concerned About Ebola in the US? Part I: …
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Condit (2014)
Poroi
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40. Hartelius rightly observes that there is an underlying rhetorical dimension to the very concept of “exper…
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41. Fahnestock and Secor, “The Stases in Scientific and Literary Argument.”
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42. Robert K. Merton, The Normative Structure of Science, in The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empiri…
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43. Miller, “The Presumptions of Expertise.”
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44. Aristotle, Rhetoric, bk. 1, pt. 2.
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45. Miller, “The Presumptions of Expertise,” 169.
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46. Miller, “The Presumptions of Expertise,” 194.
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47. She refers to Garver on this point, but her own case study demonstrates the lack of trust.
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48. Leah Ceccarelli, "Manufactured Scientific Controversy: Science, Rhetoric, and Public Debate," Rhetoric & …
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Jay D. Hmielowski et al., "An Attack on Science? Media Use, Trust in Scientists, and Perceptions of Global Wa…
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and Dan M. Kahan, "Climate-Science Communication and the Measurement Problem," Political Psychology 36 (supp.…
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49. Aristotle, Rhetoric, bk. 1, pt. 2.
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50. For research on the influence of such “parasocial” interactions via the mass media, see Edward Schiappa, …
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51. Anne Kott and Rupali J. Limaye report the array of different voices in different sources: “Delivering Ris…
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52. Celeste M. Condit, “The Spread of Ebola: How the World Health Organization’s Rhetoric Contributed to Viru…
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53. In addition to the literature cited above, see Lawrence J. Prelli, A Rhetoric of Science: Inventing Scien…
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54. Sastry and Lovari, “Communicating the Ontological Narrative of Ebola”; and Annas, “Ebola and Human Rights.”
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55. “Public Esteem for the Military Still High,” Pew Research Center, 2013, http://www.pewforum.org/2013/07/1…
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56. Jeffrey Schinske, Monica Cardenas, and Jahana Kaliangara, “Uncovering Scientist Stereotypes and Their Rel…
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57. David C. Beardslee and Donald D. O’Dowd, “The College-Student Image of the Scientist,” Science 133 (1961)…
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58. “CDC Press Conference: CDC Confirms First Ebola Case Diagnosed in the United States,” Press Briefing Tran…
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59. “CDC Press Conference,” September 30.
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60. Charles N. Haas, "On the Quarantine Period for Ebola Virus," PLOS: Current Outbreaks, October 14, 2014, h…
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and L. L. Rodriguez et al., "Persistence and Genetic Stability of Ebola Virus during the Outbreak in Kikwit, …
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61. Fauci, Clinical Grand Rounds, 83–84.
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62. Erika Check Hayden, “Ebola Virus Lingers Longer than Scientists Thought,” Nature, September 13, 2016, 291–92.
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63. Fauci, Clinical Grand Rounds, 86–87.
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64. Frieden, CDC, October 12, 2014.
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65. This example was contributed by an anonymous reviewer, from the September 30 briefing.
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66. Merton, “The Normative Structure of Science.”
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67. Saul L. Miller, Jon K. Maner, and D. Vaughn Becker, "Self-Protective Biases in Group Categorization: Thre…
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Donghwan Yoon and Youn-Kyung Kim, "Effects of Self-Congruity and Source Credibility on Consumer Responses to …
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and Mariko Morimoto and Carrie La Ferle, "Examining the Influence of Culture on Perceived Source Credibility …
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68. “Digital Briefing on Ebola: An Update from the Desk of Dr. Anthony Fauci,” October 24, 2014, https://obam…
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69. Dann, “Fauci: Returning Ebola Health Workers.”
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70. Steven Nelson, “Congressman: Close Border to Ebola Countries,” U.S. News, July 30, 2014, https://www.usne…
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71. Renee Ellmers, Republican U.S. representative from North Carolina’s Second District, quoted in “Should th…
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72. Somini Sengupta, “U.N. and Medical Group Make Appeals for Ebola Aid,” New York Times, September 2, 2014, …
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73. “CDC Press Conference: CDC Confirms First Ebola Case.”
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74. Evan McMurry, “NIH Doctor Takes Fox’s Chris Wallace to Science School over Ebola Panic,” Mediaite, Octobe…
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75. Edwards, “NIH Doctor Schools Elisabeth Hasselbeck.” I note that this source saw this as a sufficient answ…
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76. Clinical Center Grand Rounds, National Institutes of Health, October 22, 2014, https://videocast.nih.gov/…
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77. Aaron Blake, “Americans Want Flight Restrictions from Ebola Countries,” Washington Post, October 14, 2014…
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78. Comments to the posted briefing on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHEFDxPpPak.
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79. McMurry, “NIH Doctor.”
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80. “Business as Usual Is Too Risky,” from U.S. News: Debate Club, October 10, 2014, https://www.usnews.com/d…
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81. Frieden, CDC, October 12, 2014.
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82. “Statement of Dr. Thomas Frieden,” 5.
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83. Clinical Grand Rounds, 17.
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84. Many of these statements focus specifically on the West African region and most refer to medical aspects …
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85. Rick Lesaar, “Why Is Dr. Anthony Fauci Such an Effective Communicator?” Health and Communications, 2016, …
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86. Examples of the theme in public sources that the public would “panic” or that the claims about Ebola were…
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87. Florance, Carafano, and Kaniewski, “The Ebola Outbreak of 2013–2014,” 3.
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88. Annas, “Ebola and Human Rights,” 347.
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89. Wendy E. Parmet and Michael S. Sinha, “A Panic Foretold: Ebola in the United States,” Critical Public Hea…
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90. Kott and Limaye, “Delivering Risk Information”; and Michelle Odlum and Sunmoo Yoon, “What Can We Learn Ab…
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91. Brittani Crook et al., , “Content Analysis of a Live CDC Twitter Chat during the 2014 Ebola Outbreak,” Co…
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92. Lisa Rosenbaum, “Communicating Uncertainty—Ebola, Public Health, and the Scientific Process,” New England…
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93. “Public Esteem for the Military Still High,” Pew Research Center, 2013, http://www.pewforum.org/2013/07/1…