Abstract

AbstractIn this paper, I examine argumentative strategies that social movements can follow to counter hate speech. I begin by reconstructing the disagreement space of the abortion debate in Argentina as a polylogue, identifying the protests of the social movement Pañuelos verdes as argumentative contributions. I then describe two different forms of hate speech used in response to the movement’s protests. I argue that hate speech discredits the position of Pañuelos verdes in the abortion debate and depicts their protests as social threats. Subsequently, I discuss three argumentative strategies that social movements can implement to address hate speech: arguing with hate speakers; advocating for a dialogue with restrictions; and opting for argumentative disobedience. Arguing with hate speakers aims to make hate speakers retract hate speech by exposing the undesirability of using hateful messages in argumentative exchanges. Advocating for a dialogue with restrictions aims to impose limited bans on public speech in order to ensure equal participation of arguers in argumentation. Finally, I propose the notion of argumentative disobedience to describe communicative responses to hate speech that aim to bring bystanders in line with the position of social movements in public debates.

Journal
Argumentation
Published
2024-12-01
DOI
10.1007/s10503-024-09642-z
CompPile
Open Access
OA PDF Hybrid
Topics
Export

Citation Context

Cited by in this index (0)

No articles in this index cite this work.

References (73) · 9 in this index

  1. Allen, A. 2012. The unforced force of the better argument: reason and power in habermas’ political theory. Co…
    Constellations  
  2. Crises of the Republic: Lying in Politics; Civil Disobedience; On Violence; Thoughts on P…
  3. Assimakopoulos, S. 2020. Incitement to discriminatory hatred, illocution and perlocution. Pragmatics and Soci…
    Pragmatics and Society  
  4. Online hate speech in the European Union: A discourse-analytic perspective
  5. How to Do Things with Words
Show all 73 →
  1. To Make Another World Studies in protest and collective action
  2. Bessone, P.G. 2020. Debates about the legalization of abortion in Argentina: the catholic church and its rela…
    Apuntes  
  3. Public deliberation: Pluralism, complexity, and democracy
  4. Bolinger, R. 2017. The pragmatics of slurs. Noûs 51 (3): 439–462.
    Noûs  
  5. Brown, D.K., and S. Harlow. 2019. Protests, media coverage, and a hierarchy of social struggle. The Internati…
    The International Journal of Press/politics  
  6. The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy
  7. New Work on Speech Acts
  8. From Lying to Perjury
  9. Celikates, R. 2016. Democratizing civil disobedience. Philosophy and Social Criticism 42 (10): 982–994.
    Philosophy and Social Criticism  
  10. Slurs and thick terms: When Language Encodes Values
  11. Cepollaro, B., M. Lepoutre, and R.M. Simpson. 2023. Counterspeech. Philosophy Compass 18 (1): e12890. https:/…
    Philosophy Compass  
  12. The Routledge Handbook of Social and Political Philosophy of Language
  13. Cohen, J., and A. Kehler. 2021. Conversational Eliciture. Philosophers’ Imprint 12: 1–26.
    Philosophers’ Imprint
  14. Domínguez-Armas, Á., and Soria-Ruiz, A. 2021. Provocative insinuations. Daimon 84: 63–80. https://doi.org/10.…
    Daimon  
  15. Domínguez-Armas, Á., Soria-Ruiz, A., and Lewiński, M. 2023. Provocative Insinuations as Hate Speech: Argument…
    Topoi  
  16. Dulbecco, Paloma, Santiago L. Cunial, Daniel Jones, Ernesto Calvo, Natalia Aruguete, Paola Ingrassia, Celeste…
  17. Reasonableness and Effectiveness in Argumentative Discourse: Fifty Contributions to the D…
  18. Speech Acts in Argumentative Discussions: A theoretical model for the analysis of discuss…
  19. Argumentation, Communication, and Fallacies: A Pragma-dialectical Perspective
  20. Reconstructing Argumentative Discourse: Studies in Rhetoric and Communication
  21. Argumentation
  22. Deliberative Democracy and Its Discontents
  23. Political discourse analysis: A method for advanced students
  24. Fricker, E. 2012. Stating and Insinuating. Aristotelian Society Supplementary 86 (1): 61–94.
    Aristotelian Society Supplementary  
  25. Fumagalli, C. 2021. Counterspeech and Ordinary Citizens: How? When? Political Theory 49 (6): 1021–1047.
    Political Theory  
  26. Gascón, J.Á. 2023. The inferential meaning of controversial terms: the case of “terrorism.” Topoi 42: 547–559.
    Topoi  
  27. Gelber, Katharine. 2012. ‘Speaking Back’: The Likely Fate of Hate Speech Policy in the United States and Aust…
  28. Goodwin, Jeff, and James M. Jasper. 2014. The Social Movements Reader: Cases and Concepts. West Sussex: Wiley…
  29. Gray, D.M., and B. Lennertz. 2020. Linguistic disobedience. Philosopher’s Imprint 20 (21): 1–16.
    Philosopher’s Imprint
  30. The theory of communicative action
  31. Howard, J.W. 2021. Terror, hate and the demands of counter-speech. British Journal of Political Science 51 (3…
    British Journal of Political Science  
  32. Argumentation
  33. Argumentation
  34. Jackson, Sally. 1992. ‘Virtual standpoints’ and the pragmatics of conversational argument. In Argumentation i…
  35. Argumentation
  36. Argumentation
  37. The Routledge Handbook of Social and Political Philosophy of Language
  38. Argumentation
  39. Krabbe, Erik C. W., and Jan A. van Laar. 2021. Be reasonable! How to be an optimist in the ‘Age of Unreason.’…
    Journal of Argumentation in Context  
  40. Kukla, R. 2014. Performative Force, Convention, and Discursive Injustice. Hypatia 29(2): 440–457. https://doi…
    Hypatia  
  41. The Social Institution of Discursive Norms
  42. Argumentation
  43. Langton, Rae. 1993. Speech acts and unspeakable acts. Philosophy and Public Affairs 22 (4): 293–330.
    Philosophy and Public Affairs
  44. New Work on Speech Acts
  45. Lepoutre, M. 2017. Hate Speech in Public Discourse: A Pessimistic Defense of Counterspeech. Social Theory and…
    Social Theory and Practice  
  46. Lepoutre, M. 2019. Can “More Speech” Counter Ignorant Speech? Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 16 (3):…
    Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy  
  47. Lewiński, M. 2017. Practical argumentation as reasoned advocacy. Informal Logic 37 (2): 85–113.
    Informal Logic  
  48. Lewiński, M. 2021. Conclusions of practical argument : a speech act analysis. Organon 28 (2): 420–457.
    Organon  
  49. Argumentation in Complex Communication: Managing Disagreement in a Polylogue
  50. The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy
  51. The Way Things Ought to be
  52. Speech and Harm: Controversies Over Free Speech
  53. Speech and Harm: Controversies Over Free Speech
  54. Just words: On speech and hidden harm
  55. Social Movements: Identity, Culture, and the State
  56. Oswald, S. 2022. Insinuation is committing. Journal of Pragmatics 198: 158–170.
    Journal of Pragmatics  
  57. Picazo, C. 2022. Distorted debates. Topoi 42 (2): 561–571.
    Topoi  
  58. A theory of justice
  59. Searle, J.R. 1976. A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society 5 (1): 1–23.
    Language in Society  
  60. Serafis, D. 2022. Unveiling the rationale of soft hate speech in multimodal artifacts: a critical framework. …
    Journal of Language and Discrimination
  61. Silva, A., and R.M. Simpson. 2022. Law as counterspeech. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. https://doi.org/1…
    Ethical Theory and Moral Practice  
  62. Everyday Revolutions: Horizontalism and autonomy in Argentina
  63. Tirrell, L. 2018. Toxic speech: inoculations and antidotes. Southern Journal of Philosophy 56: 116–144.
    Southern Journal of Philosophy  
  64. The Harm in Hate Speech
  65. The New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts of Argument
  66. Argumentation
  67. Inclusion and Democracy
  68. Argumentation