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References (95) · 1 in this index
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1. Paul Blest, “The False Resurrection of George W. Bush: Don’t Be Fooled by Calls to Reassess His Loathsome …
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2. The rhetorical literature on public memory is robust. Some representative studies that directly assess pre…
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3. Benjamin Hufbauer, Presidential Temples: How Memorials and Libraries Shape Public Memory (Lawrence: Univer…
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4. Sara A. Mehltretter Drury and Dale A. Herbeck, “Remembering and Re-Creating the Great Debates of 1960: Pre…
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5. “About Us,” George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, https://www.georgewbushlibrary.smu.edu/en/Abou…
Show all 95 →
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6. Michael L. Butterworth, Baseball and Rhetorics of Purity: The National Pastime and American Identity durin…
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7. James C. Roberts, The Nationals Past Times: The History and New Beginning of Baseball in Washington, D.C. …
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8. Nick Trujillo, “Baseball, Business, Politics, and Privilege: An Interview with George W. Bush,” Management…
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9. Butterworth, Baseball and Rhetorics of Purity, 5.
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10. Michael L. Butterworth, “Purifying the Body Politic: Steroids, Rafael Palmeiro, and the Rhetorical Cleans…
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11. This idea found traction both before and after the Bush presidency. For a representative example, see Mat…
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12. Seymour Martin Lipset, American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996).
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13. Robert L. Ivie and Oscar Giner, Hunt the Devil: A Demonology of US War Culture (Tuscaloosa: University of…
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14. Jason Gilmore, Penelope Sheets, and Charles Rowling, “Make No Exception, Save One: American Exceptionalis…
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15. David Weiss and Jason A. Edwards, “Introduction: American Exceptionalism’s Champions and Challengers,” in…
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16. Vanessa B. Beasley, “A Presidential Rhetoric of Shared Beliefs,” in You, the People: American National Id…
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17. Ivie and Giner, Hunt the Devil.
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18. Janice Hocker Rushing, “The Rhetoric of the American Western Myth,” Communication Monographs 50 (1983): 15.
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19. Leroy G. Dorsey, “The Frontier Myth in Presidential Rhetoric: Theodore Roosevelt’s Campaign for Conservat…
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20. Richard Aquila, “Introduction: The Pop Culture West,” in Wanted Dead or Alive: The American West in Popul…
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21. Leroy G. Dorsey, We Are All Americans, Pure and Simple: Theodore Roosevelt and the Myth of Americanism (T…
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22. Ivie and Giner, Hunt the Devil. On the metaphor of the “last stand,” see especially 49–69.
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23. Jacques Barzun, “God’s Country and Mine,” in Baseball as America: Seeing Ourselves through our National G…
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24. Quoted in Richard C. Crepeau, Baseball: America’s Diamond Mind 1919–1941 (Orlando: University Presses of …
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25. Michael L. Butterworth, “Saved at Home: Christian Branding and Faith Nights in the ‘Church of Baseball,’”…
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26. Deeanne Westbrook, Ground Rules: Baseball and Myth (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 36
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and Tom Verducci, "Record Smasher: Mark McGwire Sent His 62nd Home Run over the Fence and Himself into a Spec…
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27. Quoted in Ira Berkow, “The Green Fields of Bart’s Mind,” New York Times, September 2, 1989, http://www.ny…
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28. For more on these ideas, see Michael L. Butterworth, "Ritual in the 'Church of Baseball': Suppressing the…
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and Jeffrey O. Segrave, "The Sports Metaphor in American Cultural Discourse," Culture, Sport, Society 3 (2000…
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29. Robert Elias, The Empire Strikes Out: How Baseball Sold U.S. Foreign Policy and Promoted the American Way…
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30. Elias, The Empire Strikes Out, 75.
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31. For more on the Doubleday myth, see Elias; Frederick G. Lieb, The Baseball Story (New York: G. P. Putnam’…
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32. Kristina Horn Sheeler and Karrin Vasby Anderson, Woman President: Confronting Postfeminist Political Cult…
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33. Nick Trujillo, “Hegemonic Masculinity on the Mound: Media Representations of Nolan Ryan and American Spor…
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34. Greg Dickinson, Carole Blair, and Brian L. Ott, “Introduction: Rhetoric/Memory/Place,” in Places of Publi…
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35. In addition to those cited above who have focused on presidential politics, other rhetorical scholars hav…
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Carole Blair, Marsha S. Jeppeson, and Enrico Pucci Jr., "Public Memorializing in Postmodernity: The Vietnam V…
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Victoria J. Gallagher, "Memory and Reconciliation in the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute," Rhetoric & Publi…
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Bryan Hubbard and Marouf A. Hasian Jr., "Atomic Memories of the Enola Gay: Strategies of Remembrance at the N…
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and Kenneth S. Zagacki and Victoria J. Gallagher, "Rhetoric and Materiality in the Museum Park at the North C…
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Rhetoric & Public Affairs
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37. S. W. Pope, “Olympic Spectacles and the Redemption of the Amateur Ethos,” in Patriotic Games: Sporting Tr…
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38. Ronald Smith, Sports and Freedom: The Rise of Big-Time College Athletics (New York: Oxford University Pre…
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39. J. J. MacAloon, “The Olympic Idea,” International Journal of the History of Sport 23 (2006): 495.
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40. For more on Roosevelt’s thoughts on baseball, see Curt Smith, The Presidents and the Pastime: The History…
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41. Michael Oriard, Sporting with the Gods: The Rhetoric of Play and Game in American Culture (Cambridge, UK:…
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42. On the rhetorical presidency, see Mary Stuckey, "Establishing the Rhetorical Presidency through President…
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and Jeffrey Tulis, The Rhetorical Presidency (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987). On Roosevel…
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43. Jon Paulson, “Theodore Roosevelt and the Rhetoric of Citizenship: On Tour in New England, 1902,” Communic…
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44. Robert V. Friedenberg, “Rhetoric, Religion and Government at the Turn of the 21st Century,” Journal of Co…
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45. See Esther Kaplan, With God on Their Side: How Christian Fundamentalists Trampled Science, Policy, and De…
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46. Sidney M. Milkis, Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party, and the Transformation of American Democracy…
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47. Dorsey, We Are All Americans, 19, 2, 23.
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48. John M. Murphy, “The Heroic Tradition in Presidential Rhetoric,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 3 (2000): 468.
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49. Zell Miller, “2004 Republican National Convention Address,” AmericanRhetoric.com, September 1, 2004, http…
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50. Christian Spielvogel, “‘You Know Where I Stand’: Moral Framing of the War on Terrorism and the Iraq War i…
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51. In particular, see Robert L. Ivie, Democracy and America’s War on Terrorism (Tuscaloosa: University of Al…
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52. Mark West and Chris Carey, “(Re)Enacting Frontier Justice: The Bush Administration’s Tactical Narration o…
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53. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "The Decider," New York Times, December 24, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/24/…
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Richard Cohen, "Bush's War against Nuance," Washington Post, February 17, 2004, https://www.washingtonpost.co…
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54. The yet-to-be-built library for Barack Obama may change or enhance this trajectory, as it will be run ent…
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55. Anthony Clark, The Last Campaign: How Presidents Rewrite History, Run for Posterity and Enshrine Their Le…
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56. Drury and Herbeck, “Remembering and Re-Creating,” 187.
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57. Jodi Kantner, Presidential Libraries as Performance: Curating American Character from Herbert Hoover to G…
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58. Hufbauer, Presidential Temples, 40.
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59. Clark, The Last Campaign.
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60. William Middleton, “The New George W. Bush Library Opens in Dallas,” Architectural Digest, May 31, 2013, …
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61. Christopher Hawthorne, “Architecture Review: Bush Presidential Library Is Fittingly Blunt,” Los Angeles T…
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62. Clark, The Last Campaign, 126.
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63. Gregory Curtis, “The Afterlife: On a Plot of Land between Central Expressway and Southern Methodist Unive…
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64. I returned to visit the permanent exhibit for a second time on September 19, 2017.
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65. See Butterworth, “Militarism and Memorializing”; and Tony Bennett, The Birth of the Museum: History, Theo…
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66. Quoted in John Odell, ed., Baseball as America: Seeing Ourselves through Our National Game (Washington, D…
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67. This argument appears in various sources but is nicely summarized in chapter 3, “Jackie Robinson and the …
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68. Kantner, Presidential Libraries.
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69. Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1945), 60
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and Barry Brummett, "Burke's Representative Anecdote as a Method in Media Criticism," Critical Studies in Mas…
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70. George W. Bush, “Bullhorn Address to Ground Zero Rescue Workers,” AmericanRhetoric.com, September 14, 200…
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71. William McKenzie, “The Real George W. Bush Is a Conviction Politician,” Dallas Morning News, April 21, 20…
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72. Barack H. Obama, “Remarks at the Dedication Ceremony for the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Muse…
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73. “The Pitch,” September 2, 2004, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzCXcO856JU.
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74. Theodore Roosevelt, “Citizenship in a Republic,” AmericanRhetoric.com, April 23, 1910, http://americanrhe…
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75. Quoted in First Pitch, dir. Angus Wall. Bristol: ESPN Films, 2015.
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76. Quoted in First Pitch.
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77. Smith, The Presidents and the Pastime, 376.
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78. Quoted in First Pitch.
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79. Oriard, Sporting with the Gods, 27.
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80. Drury and Herbeck, “Remembering and Re-Creating,” 176.
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81. The museum’s curator told me in an email exchange, “I don’t have the exact data on the attendance numbers…
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82. William McKenzie and Talmage Boston, “Why Baseball Matters—Still,” George W. Bush Institute, July 10, 201…
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83. Michael L. Butterworth, “Public Memorializing in the Stadium: Mediated Sport, the 10th Anniversary of 9/1…
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84. Hufbauer, Presidential Temples, 188.
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85. The controversy about National Football League players kneeling during the national anthem began in 2016 …
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86. Clark, The Last Campaign, 29.