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6. J. Michael Hogan, “George Wallace, Speech at Serb Hall (26 March 1976),” Voices of Democracy 11 (2016): 64.
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7. Hogan, “George Wallace, Speech at Serb Hall,” 64.
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8. Katy Tur, “The Trump Fever Never Breaks,” New York Times, September 1, 2017, SR4.
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9. Amanda Taub, “The Rise of American Authoritarianism,” Vox, March 1, 2016, https://www.vox.com/2016/3/1/111…
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10. Declan Walsh, “Fearful and Flummoxed: Watching the Presidential Race from Abroad,” New York Times, Septem…
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11. The distinction between heuristic and ontological genres is developed in Robert C. Rowland, "On Generic C…
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and Carolyn R. Miller, "Genre as Social Action," Quarterly Journal of Speech 70 (1984): 151-67.
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12. Campbell and Jamieson, “Form and Genre in Rhetorical Criticism,” 22; also see Rowland, “On Generic Catego…
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13. Robert C. Rowland and Kirsten Theye, “The Symbolic DNA of Terrorism,” Communication Monographs 75 (2008):…
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14. Jenny Edbauer Rice, “The ‘New’: Make a Case for Critical Affect Studies,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 94 …
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15. Rice, “The ‘New,‘” 205, 206, 210.
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16. Debra Hawhee, “Rhetoric’s Sensorium,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 100 (2015): 5, 10.
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17. Hawhee, “Rhetoric’s Sensorium,” 12.
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Pruchnic et al. (2011)
Rhetoric Society Quarterly
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Chaput (2010)
Philosophy & Rhetoric
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20. Jamie Landau and Bethany Keeler-Jonker, “Conductor of Public Feelings: An Affective-Emotional Rhetorical …
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21. Joshua Gunn, “Hystericizing Huey: Emotional Appeals, Desire, and the Psychodynamics of Demagoguery,” West…
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22. Joshua Gunn, “On Speech and Public Release,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 13 (2010): 1-42.
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23. Joshua Gunn, “Maranatha,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 98 (2012): 364, 369, 370-80.
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24. Gunn, “On Speech and Public Release,” 29.
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25. Christopher J. Gilbert and John Louis Lucaites, “Bringing War Down to Earth: The Dialectic of Pity and Co…
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26. Erin J. Rand, “An Inflammatory Fag and a Queer Form: Larry Kramer, Polemics, and Rhetorical Agency,” Quar…
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27. Celeste M. Condit, "Pathos in Criticism: Edwin Black's Communism-as-Cancer Metaphor," Quarterly Journal o…
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Winderman (2014)
Rhetoric & Public Affairs
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28. Condit, “Pathos in Criticism,” 6, 7, 13, 14.
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29. Condit, “Pathos in Criticism,” 21.
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30. Winderman, “S(anger) Goes Postal,” 386.
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31. Winderman, “S(anger) Goes Postal,” 390, 409.
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32. Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford Universi…
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33. Daniel Cox, Rachiel Lenesch, and Robert P. Jones, “Beyond Economics: Fears of Cultural Displacement Pushe…
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34. Will Wilkinson, “A Tale of Two Moralities, Part One: Regional Inequality and Moral Persuasion,” Niskanen …
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35. Emma Green, "It Was Cultural Anxiety That Drove White, Working-Class Voters to Trump," Atlantic, May 9, 2…
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also see Diana C. Mutz, "Status Threat, Not Economic Hardship, Explains the 2016 Presidential Vote," PNAS, Ma…
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36 Cox, Lenesch, and Jones, “Beyond Economics.”
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37. Thomas B. Edsall, “The Peculiar Populism of Donald Trump,” New York Times, February 2, 2017, https://www.…
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38. Princeton professors Anne Case and Angus Deaton are quoted in Joel Achenbach and Dan Keating, “New Resear…
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39. Cox, Lenesch, and Jones, “Beyond Economics.”
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40. Cox, Lenesch, and Jones, “Beyond Economics.”
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41. Amanda Taub, “Trump’s Victory and the Rise of White Populism,” New York Times, November 9, 2016, https://…
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42. Mutz, “Status Threat,” 8.
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43. Matt Grossmann and Daniel Thaler, “Mass-Elite Divides in Aversion to Social Change and Support for Donald…
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44. Quoted in Edsall, “The Peculiar Populism of Donald Trump.”
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45. Michael Lee, “The Populist Chameleon: The People’s Party, Huey Long, George Wallace, and the Populist Arg…
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46. Rolfe, The Reinvention of Populist Rhetoric, 24; also see Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Popu…
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47. Maddux, “Fundamentalist Fool or Populist Paragon?” 511.
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48. Erlich, “Populist Rhetoric: Reassessed,” 142, 148, 150.
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49. Michael Kazin, “How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be ‘Populist‘?” New York Times, March 22, 20…
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50. Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, 6, 11.
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51. Jan-Werner Müller, What Is Populism? (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016), 1.
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52. Ronald F. Inglehart and Pippa Norris, “Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cu…
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53. Taub, “Trump’s Victory and the Rise of White Populism.”
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54. Pippa Norris, “It’s Not Just Trump: Authoritarian Populism Is Rising across the West. Here’s Why,” Washin…
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55. Berlet and Lyons are cited in Chip Berlet, “‘Trumping’ Democracy: Right-Wing Populism, Fascism, and the C…
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56 Although not focused on populist discourse, Rita Kirk Whillock shows how former KKK member David Duke taps…
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57. Müller, What Is Populism? 3, 21.
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58. Cas Mudde, “The Populist Zeitgeist,” Government and Opposition 39 (2004): 541-63.
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59. Kazin, The Populist Persuasion, 225; and Paul Krugman, “Coal Country Is a State of Mind,” New York Times,…
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60. Historian Walter Russell Mead is quoted in Edsall, “The Peculiar Populism of Donald Trump.”
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61. Thomas Greven, “The Rise of Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States: A Comparative Perspectiv…
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62. Greven, “The Rise of Right-Wing Populism,” 2.
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63. Müller is interviewed in Francis Wilkinson, “Why Donald Trump Really Is a Populist,” Bloomberg View, Febr…
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64. Greven “The Rise of Right-Wing Populism,” 7.
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65. Mudde, “The Populist Zeitgeist.”
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66. Müller, What Is Populism? 93.
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67. Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, 42, 43,
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68. Müller, What Is Populism? 3, 4; also see Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, “How Does Democracy Erode? Venezuela…
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69. Kathleen Parker, “Republicans Would Rather Have a King than a President,” Washington Post, March 28, 2017…
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70. Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, 64; also see Müller interviewed in Wilkinson, …
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71. Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, 70.
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72. Quoted in Wilkinson, “Why Donald Trump.”
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73. Taub, “Trump’s Victory and the Rise of White Populism.” Also see Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very S…
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74. The charismatic outsider promises to bring change through force of will. It is this aspect of the affecti…
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75. For a comprehensive selection of tweets from Trump including both the campaign and his time as president,…
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76. Donald J. Trump, “Full Transcript of Donald Trump’s Jobs Speech,” Fortune, June 29, 2016, https://fortune…
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77. See Nick Corasaniti, Alexander Burns, and Binyamin Appelbaum, “Donald Trump Vows to Rip Up Trade Deals an…
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78. Donald J. Trump, “Full Transcript of Donald Trump’s Speech in Akron, Ohio,” August 8, 2016, https://heavy…
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79. Patrick Healy and Jonathan Martin, “His Tone Dark, Donald Trump Takes G.O.P. Mantle,” New York Times, Jul…
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80. Associated Press, “Critics: Trump Convention Speech Signals Shift to Coded Race Language,” Chicago Tribun…
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81. Donald Trump, “Transcript: Donald Trump at the G.O.P. Convention,” New York Times, July 22, 2016, https:/…
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82. See Glenn Kessler and Michelle Ye Hee Lee, “Fact-Checking Donald Trump’s Acceptance Speech at the 2016 RN…
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83. Richard Pérez-Peńa, “Contrary to Trump’s Claims, Immigrants Are Less Likely to Commit Crimes,” New York T…
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84. Associated Press, “Critics: Trump Convention Speech.”
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85. J. M. Berger, “How White Nationalists Learned to Love Donald Trump,” Politico, October 25, 2016, https://…
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86. Jeff Shesol, “Dark Rhetoric in Washington,” New York Times, January 21, 2017, A27.
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87. Maggie Haberman and Glenn Thrush, “A Brand-Conscious Trump Embraces the Look of the Presidency,” New York…
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88. See Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Presidents Creating the Presidency: Deeds Done in W…
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89. Donald J. Trump, “Inaugural Address,” January 20, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/inaugural-address, 2-5…
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90. Marc Fisher, “Trump’s Inaugural Speech Was a Sharp Break with Past—and His Party,” Washington Post, Janua…
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91. Michael Gerson, “Trump’s Funeral Oration at the Death of Reaganism,” Washington Post, January 21, 2017, h…
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92. George Will, “Trump’s Dreadful Inaugural Address,” Lawrence (KS) Journal-World, January 21, 2017, 7A; als…
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93. Leonard Pitts Jr. “Trump Promises Magical Solutions,” Lawrence (KS) Journal-World, January 22, 2017, 7A.
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94. Binyamin Appelbaum, “Grim View of the Economy Is at Odds with Reality,” New York Times, January 21, 2017, A21.
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95. Thomas B. Edsall, “Trump Says Jump: His Supporters Ask, How High?” New York Times, September 14, 2017, ht…
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96. Amanda Taub, “In a Cozy Berlin Suburb, Understanding the Rise of the Far Right,” New York Times, March 21…
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97. Sabrina Tavernise, “Trump’s Tumultuous Week? To Supporters, It Went Well,” New York Times, August 20, 201…
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98. Mabel Berezin, “Donald Trump Is a Uniquely American Populist,” New Republic, December 20, 2016, https://n…
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99. Eduardo Porter, “Diagnosis? On Target. The Cure? Misguided,” New York Times, March 29, 2017, B1.
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100. James Risen and Tom Risen, “Donald Trump Does His Best Joe McCarthy,” New York Times, June 25, 2017, SR2.
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Bostdorff (2017)
Rhetoric & Public Affairs
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102. Anne Applebaum, “Beware: Trump May Use the Alt-Right to Turn Himself into the Center,” Washington Post, …
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103. Kazin is quoted in Isaac Chotiner, “Is Donald Trump a Populist?” Slate, February 24, 2016, https://slate…
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104. Thomas B. Edsall, “Donald Trump’s Identity Politics,” New York Times, August 24, 2017, https://www.nytim…
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105. Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The First White President,” The Atlantic, October 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/m…
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106. David Brooks, “How Trump Kills the G.O.P,” New York Times, August 29, 2017, A27.
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107. Karen Stenner, The Authoritarian Dynamic (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 1; reference…
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108. Stenner, The Authoritarian Dynamic, 29.
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109. Cox, Lenesch, and Jones, “Beyond Economics.”
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110. Taub, “The Rise of American Authoritarianism.”
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111. Mutz, “Status Threat,” 2.
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112. Thomas B. Edsall, “The Contract with Authoritarianism,” New York Times, April 5, 2018, https://www.nytim…
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113. Stenner, The Authoritarian Dynamic, 17.
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114. Stenner, The Authoritarian Dynamic, 31.
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115. One study concludes that “approximately 28 percent of Trump’s 2016 voters were Obama voters in 2012 or n…
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116. Emma Roller, "Donald Trump's Fear Factor," New York Times, June 14, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/0…
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and Nicholas Lemann, "On the Election III," New York Review of Books, November 10, 2016, 35.
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117. David Brooks, “A Philosophical Assault on Trumpism,” New York Times, October 3, 2017, A27.
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118. Lemann, “On the Election III,” 35.
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119. Inglehart and Norris, “Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism,” 28, 29.
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120. Jonathan Raban, “The Tea Party and the Art of the Mean Joke,” New York Times, January 7, 2017, SR7.
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121. Michael Gerson, “Trump’s Rhetorical Schizophrenia Is Easy to See Through,” Washington Post, August 24, 2…
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122. Müller, What Is Populism? 35, 43.
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123. Justin Gest is quoted in Jonathan Capehart, “The Real Reason Working-Class Whites Continue to Support Tr…
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124. Bob Fredericks, “Clinton’s Campaign Staff Is Five Times the Size of Trump’s,” New York Post, October 7, …
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125. R. R. Reno, “The New Party of ‘America First,‘” New York Times, April 30, 2017, SR1, 6.
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126. Ronald Reagan, “Farewell Address to the Nation,” January 11, 1989, https://www.reaganlibrary.archives.go…
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127. Corey Robin, “The G.O.P.’s Existential Crisis,” New York Times, March 26, 2017, SR 1, 3.
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128. Michael Gerson, “Will the GOP Become the Party of White Backlash?” Washington Post, July 2, 2018, https:…
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129. David Brooks, “Republican or Conservative, You Have to Choose,” New York Times, June 26, 2018, A27.
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130. Max Boot, “I Left the Republican Party. Now I Want Democrats to Take Over,” Washington Post, July 4, 201…
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131. George F. Will, “Vote against the GOP This November,” Washington Post, June 22, 2018, https://www.washin…
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132. Richard Cohen, “Trump Has Ushered in America’s Darkest Hour,” Washington Post, November 28, 2017, https:…
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133. Michael Gerson, “Trump’s Failing Presidency Has the GOP in a Free Fall,” Washington Post, March 30, 2017…
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134. Kazin, The Populist Persuasion, 288.
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135. Edsall, “The Peculiar Populism of Donald Trump.”
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136. Quoted in Greg Sargent, “Trump’s Lies Are Working Brilliantly. This New Poll Proves It,” Washington Post…
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137. Quoted in Greg Sargent, “Two New Reports Suggest Trump Has Come Unhinged. The Truth Is Worse,” Washingto…
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138. David Neiwert, “Trump and Right-Wing Populism: A Long Time Coming,” Political Research Associates, June …
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139. Michael Barbaro, Ashley Parker, and Trip Gabriel, “Donald Trump’s Heated Words Were Destined to Stir Vio…
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140. James Poniewozik, “A Hollywood Snub to a Celebrity in Chief,” New York Times, August 4, 2017, A16.
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141. John B. Judis, The Populist Explosion: How the Great Recession Transformed American and European Politic…
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142. Mudde and Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, 91; and Müller, What Is Populism? 103.
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143. Peter Baker, “In McCain Memorial Service, Two Presidents Offer Tribute, and a Contrast to Trump,” New Yo…