Abstract Milton's regicide tracts of 1649, The Tenure, Observations, and Eikonoklastes, are recombinations of two of his most familiar compositional modes of the 1640s, the oration and the animadversion, tactics derived ultimately from classical rhetorical theory and Renaissance assimilations of it. Each tract also displays a poeticized rhetoric which represents Milton's signature adaptation of the close relationship between rhetoric and poetic found in classical and Renaissance rhetorical texts. Evidence for these claims can be found in the structures, styles, and aesthetic manifestations of all three pamphlets, particularly the classical low and middle styles, the formulaic mechanism of quotation and reply, and the prose genre of the Character.

220 RHETORICA of the Hamberg Papyrus 128, reasserting Theophrastean authorship, though not without giving due consideration to the reservations of other scholars. Elisabetta Matelli, Teodette di Faselidi, Retore, looks at the surviving titles of the rhetorical work(s), which is made difficult by his close association with Aris­ totle. She concludes tentatively that those titles represent different phases of the same work, and adds, for good measure, that Theodectes regarded it as a parergon compared with the tragic dramas by which he wished to be remembered. Theodectes the tragedian assumes centre stage in the chap­ ter by Andrea Martano, Teodette di Faselide Poeta Tragico: Riflessioni Attorno At Fr. 6 Snell, in which the assumption that Euripides was the only signif­ icant influence on Fourth Century tragedy is questioned, and Agathon is set beside him as a possible source. Martano also discusses problems of the production of Theodectes' plays. Theodectes remains a shadowy figure, es­ pecially since there may have been two of them. Stephen White, Theophrastus and Callisthenes, is concerned with a lost tribute which Theophrastus paid to Alexander's historian. From its scanty remains he assesses the extent to which it embodies the standard topoi of eulogy identified bv Aristotle, which include comparison. In particular, he argues that the philosophical elements in the eulogy centred on the limits placed on a good person's eudainionia when he has to deal with someone who has enjoved an excess of it (in this case Alexander). David Konstan, The Emotion in Aristotle Rhetoric 2.7: Grati­ tude, Not Kindness, discusses the different interpretations of charis, and argues correctly that it is not an emotion but a disposition to do something specific, an act of kindness. His chapter also trawls through a wide sea of literature, and thereby performs the useful service of illustrating how difficult the word is to translate in all its occurrences. One can be sure that Bill Fortenbaugh has been gratified to be presented with these essays, which not only build on the work in which he has been closely involved, but both pursue and suggest new lines of research in rhetorical studies. Stephen Usher Royal Holloway, University of London Lucia Calboli Montefusco, ed., Declamation. Proceedings of the Se­ minars held at the Scuola Superiore di Studi Umanistici, Bologna (February-March, 2006), Papers on Rhetoric VIII. Roma: Herder, 2007, XVIII, 291. Il volume documenta gli incontri seminariali organizzati dalla scuola Superiore di Studi Umanistici a Bologna nel 2006 sul tema della declamazione . A Gualtiero Calboli va il grande merito di aver curato l'organizzazione scientifica del seminario interdottorale e di aver raccolto in volume i contributi degli studiosi che hanno caratterizzato la complessa identita cultu- Reviews 221 i dit? dell iniziatix a. Alio stesso Calboli si deve, oltre allarticolata prefazione che apie il \olume (pp. VÍI-XVII1), 1 intervento introduttivo agli incontri (La clamamom tin ntoina, dnitto, letteratura c lógica, pp. 29-56), che indaga sul rapporte tra declamazione e teoría retorica, diritto, letteratura e lógica. Come campo meiitevole di approfondimento viene individuata la sinergia ti a la declamazione, intesa come momento esempliticativo e applicativo, e la piecettistica teórica tissata nella tradizione mannalistica. In particolare, nel contribute date dalle declamazioni alio sviluppo e allapplicazione pratica di una sistemática dottrina degli status, Calboli individua la connessione con il diritto. Quanto al rapporte con la letteratura, oltre alla contiguïté temática tra la produzione declamatoria e la commedia attica, viene messo in rilievo il contribute lornito dall attixita declamatoria alla dottrina dei tropi e delle fi­ gure che trovavano nella liberta garantita dall'ambiente scolastico xxn'humus particularmente fertile. Alla polisemia della metafora rappresentata dal termine color in ám­ bito retorico e dedicate il saggio di Lucia Calboli Montefusco (La funzione strategica dei colores nella pratica declamatoria, pp. 157-79). Un'attenzione par­ ticolare viene riservata alia metafora in questione nelle controversie senecane e nella produzione declamatoria pseudoquintilianea, nonché in alcuni passi deWInstitutio oratoria. La scelta del color conferisce alia controversia le caratteristiche di un particolare status, secondo la versione ermagorea della dottrina e della tópica corrispondente. Un'errata interpretazione del color di Seneca risulta fondata su una presunta equivalenza con la μετάθεσις τής αίτιας quale...

Latin prose Panegyrics are a fourth-century product of Gallic rhetorical schools; they celebrate the emperor’s virtues by widely employing structures and topoi commonly associated with epideictic theory and practice. This paper explores the presence of hymnic features within the corpus of the Latin Panegyrics. The following passages are investigated: 1) the celebration of Diocletian and Maximian as Iovius and Herculius in Panegyrics 10(2).1–6 and 11(3).3; 2) the praise of the Tiber and the hymn to the supreme God in the Panegyric dedicated to Constantine 12(9). 18; 26; 3) the hymn to Greece in the Panegyric to Julian 3(11).8. The analysis shows how the panegyrists re-worked the laudatory material by adapting the style and topoi of hymns to gods to praise of the emperor.

Reviews David C. Mirhady, ed., Influences on Peripatetic Rhetoric: Essays in Honor of William W. Fortenbaugh. Leiden: Brill, 2007. viii + 282 pp. This valuable collection of fourteen essays divides itself naturally into two parts: those which conform strictly to its title (1, 2, 3, 5, 8,11,13), and the rest, which focus on Aristotle's Rhetoric (4, 14), Rhetorica Ad Alexandrian (6) and post-Aristotelian topics (7, 9, 10, 12). Mirhady's Introduction assembles the diverse elements that inform the book very skilfully: the present state of scholarship, the historical background, a synopsis of the contents of Aristotle Rhetoric and the Rhetorica Ad Alexandrian, and summaries of the fourteen chapters. Dirk Schenkeveld, Theory and Practice in Fourth-Century Eloquence, is con­ cerned with a particular feature, mainly of deliberative oratory: the speaker's adoption of a didactic tone, usually when introducing a key narrative or ar­ gument. He does not consider whether this tone is a function of the characters of its two chief proponents, Isocrates, who was a teacher, and Demosthenes, who was famously superior in his attitude to his audiences and opponents; while the examples in Lysias look suspiciously formulaic. These character­ istics would go some way to explaining the absence of recommendations for them from the theorists. In Ethos in Persuasion and in Musical Education in Plato and Aristotle, Eckart Schutrumpf finds the latter's proposition that a speaker's good character is by itself a device of persuasion too simplistic compared with the examination conducted by Plato, in whose Gorgias and Protagoras audiences are seen as more susceptible to purely rhetorical skills than to a speaker's perceived moral qualities. Schutrumpf traces a development in Plato's attitude to persuasion, with the need to replace it by force being increasingly considered. Aristotle consistently takes a more optimistic view of human nature. David Mirhady, Aristotle's Enthynienie, Thymos, and Plato, sets out to establish the emotional content of the Aristotelian enthymeme by reference to its etymology. After admitting that the verb had come to mean no more than 'consider,' Mirhady argues that the enthymeme connotes "a form of cognitive activity that takes place in the context of emotional response.'' But the enthymeme is concerned with emotions only in so far as the human experiences from which it draws its premisses have emotional content, and for Aristotle it is always closer to logic (the syllogism) than to the irrational Rhetorica, Vol. XXVII, Issue 2, pp. 218—234, ISSN 0734-8584, electronic ISSN 15338541 . ©2009 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights re­ served. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DO1: 10.1525/RH.200A27.2.218. Reviews 219 thoughts and actions of the thymos. In his Techniques of Proof in 4th Century Rhctoiic, Tobias Rheinhardt finds connections between Aristotle s Rhetoric, his dialectical theory' in the Topics, and the Rhetorica Ad Alexandrum in respect of arguments related to some of the standard themes of deliberative and forensic oratory; This chapter begins and ends with a welcome reassertion of the view that the birth of rhetorical theory is to be assigned firmly to the Fifth Century: a fact which can easily be established by noticing the recurrence of a wide array of technical proofs and topoi in Antiphon and the early speeches how Aristotle defines an ideal written text as one which is susceptible to oral performance, and that epideictic oratory is aimed at an audience which is both spectator and critic, who dissects a discourse and passes judgement on the question of whether the author/speaker has discovered all the possible means of persuasion. She notes that Aristotle differs from his predecessors in distinguishing between styles suitable for deliberative and forensic oratory. Her study also clarifies several of the obscurities in Aristotle's account of these styles by reconciling different parts of it. In Carl Werner Muller's Der Euripideische Philoktet und Die Rhetorik des 4. Jnhrhunderts the starting-point is Dion of Prusa's opinion that the rhetorical content of Euripides Philoctetes distinguishes it from its Aeschylean and...

Reviews 231 Caroline van Eck, Classical Rhetoric and the Visual Arts in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge & New York, 2007 225 pp. The central claim of Caroline van Eek's new book is that classical rhetoric s treatment of the non-verbal and figurative aspects of persuasive communication influenced both the producers and consumers of visual art and architecture in early modern Europe. Primarily drawing on discussions of gesture and image in Quintilian and Cicero (but also Aristotle and Long­ inus), van Eck links what she sees as the primary aim of oratory—vivid representation, enarycia—to the v isual realm of image making. Classical rhetoricians who argued that figurative language and gesture enabled or­ ators to bring their subject to life before the eyes (and the mind's eye) gave early modern artists and spectators a framework within which to create and experience visual art. The argument of the book is that classical rhetoric and early modern visual art share an emphasis on figuration, defined by van Eck as "giving an outward, visible shape to emotion, thoughts or memories that creates the illusion of human life and agency" (p. 9). Attending to figuration by viewing early modern v isual art through the lens of rhetoric rather than post-Kantian aesthetics, van Eck argues, offers a better understanding of the socio-cultural function of art in the period. After making the case for a connection between rhetoric and the visual arts in the Introduction, van Eck devotes the first section of the book to theory. The two chapters that make up this section offer detailed readings of Alberti's De Pictura and three Italian Renaissance architectural treatises, by Vincenzo Scamozzi, Gherardo Spini, and Daniel Barbaro. The discussion of Alberti is focused on linking the representational character of painting to the role of representation in rhetorical theory. While there is little doubt that visual artists were concerned with representation, van Eck argues that the role of persuasion in that representative enterprise has not been adequately explored. Similarly, while the persuasive aspect of oratory is an obvious focus of classical rhetorical theory, it is the goal of vividly representing human activity that made rhetoric an important conceptual toolbox for an art theorist like Alberti. Viewed in this way, rhetoric and visual art share common ground in seeking to bring to life that which is absent. The argument is compelling, though the emphasis on painting as per­ suasive representation elides aesthetic considerations in favor of an under­ standing of artistic practice as a form of interested communication. Of course, this is van Eek's point: that the influence of Kantian aesthetics (particularly the disinterested appreciation of the beautiful) on art history has obscured the value early modern artists and spectators placed on the ability of an artwork to move or persuade. In pointing out the historical difference sep­ arating Renaissance and Enlightenment subjects, van Eck reveals interesting connections between rhetoric and the visual arts. If there is a limitation to the approach it is in van Eek's tendency to subordinate pleasing or delightful aspects of the work of art to its ability to persuade. This tendency takes 232 RHETORICA the discussion away from the particularities of individual works of art in the service of demonstrating the consistent, but more general emphasis on vividness of representation. If some of the discussion of representation is overly general, the same cannot be said about the van Eek's treatment of her specialty, architectural theory When she turns to architecture in the second chapter, for example, the discussion takes on a less speculative and more scholarly tone. This may stem from the fact that the attitude toward architecture that she hopes to reveal is by her own admission "rarely made explicit" in the period (p. 31). To uncover the hidden relationship between rhetoric and architecture she turns to the somewhat neglected work of Spini, Barbaro, and Scamozzi. What van Eck finds in these treatises is relatively clear evidence of the direct influence of classical rhetorical authorities on the three authors' conceptualization of architecture as a persuasive art form intimately linked to human knowledge and activity. Yet the concentration on three minor works begs the question...

Reviews 225 aggiornata bibliografía, offrono un panorama orgánico e articolato della straordinaria vitalita della forma declamazione e della sua adattabilitá ai contesti storici e cultuiali piú vari. 1 risultati della ricerca, innovativi e propositi\i, confeimano la finalitá dei seminari, di esplorare la complessitá di un filone di studi particolarmente fertile e ricco di spunti. Graziana Brescia Università di Foggia Delphine Reguig-Naya, Le Corps des Idées: Pensées et Poétiques du Langage dans l'Augustinisme de Port-Royal. Arnauld, Nicole, Pascal, Mme de La Fayette, Racine. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2007. 836 pp. Hannah Dawson, Locke, Language, and Early-Modern Philosophy. Cam­ bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 361 pp. Alberto Bordogna, Gli Idoli del Foro: Retorica e Mito nel Pensiero di Giambattista Vico. Rome: Aracne, 2007. 171 pp. Recently, a number of books have appeared that restate more precisely the terms of the debate that enveloped rhetoric in the period of its occlusion between approximately 1650 and 1800. For decades historians of rhetoric have been conscious of the broad and virulent attack on rhetoric, both as practice and as theory, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In com­ parison to its centrality in the Renaissance and its conspicuous reinvention in late modernity, the decline of rhetoric in the intervening period is striking. Yet increasingly scholars have begun to show that any history of rhetoric in this period must go beyond the headline critiques of the art of persuasion mounted by many of the leading philosophical authorities of the age. Indeed, a number of sophisticated studies have begun to appear that trace the ironic afterlife of rhetorical categories in intellectual projects that both emblematize eighteenth-century inquiry and eschew any overt allegiance to rhetoric as a disciplinary formation (see David L. Marshall, "Early Modern Rhetoric: Recent Research in German, Italian, French, and English," Intellectual History Review 17 (2007): 75-93). This review examines some of the issues involved in the problem of language in early modern thought by tracing them through recent work on Port-Royal, Locke, Vico, and—briefly—Herder. As Delphine Reguig-Naya attests time and again in her recent treatment of Port-Royal writers on the subject of language, the ideal for thinkers such as Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole is often a kind of transparency in which language becomes a window on the mind free from distortion (p. 35). Thought is presumed to exist independently of its expression and, as a result, the task of expression is to render faithfully something already fully formed internally. This basic assumption about the separability of thought and language is related to a series of other points of departure that mark the Port-Royal school and figure prominently in many early modern critiques of 226 RHETORICA rhetorical assumptions about language: that the word and not the sentence is the more basic linguistic unit (p. 39), that syntax ought to mirror the structure of thought (p. 73), that representations arrived at arbitrarily are preferable to the lines of inquiry set in motion by the myriad formulations of resemblance (p. 93), that the mind moves much more quickly than speech and on a different track (p. 187), and that the equivocation of terms is the most dangerous problem posed by the embodiment of thought in signs (p. 195). Yet precisely because Port-Royalist anthropology owed so much to the Christian sense of the fall, rhetoric is also understood to be inevitable. If the sensuality of rhetorical address is suspect, it can (and must) be used on behalf of the good. Thus, even if enthymemes are characteristic of the kind of compromises and abbreviations that the tongue must make in order to keep pace with the brain, they are also so natural that they cannot simply be legislated out of existence (p. 63). Likewise, despite its reliance on the equivocating quality of resemblance, metaphor is endemic in language (p. 470). If the traditional domain of rhetorical self-consciousness—direct oral exchange—is more dangerous because of the diversity and potency of the various sensual media in play, the Port-Royalists place an equally rhetorical emphasis on the particular form of language that was the staple of hermeneutic activity—namely, textual...

Milton’s regicide tracts of 1649, The Tenure, Observations, and Eikonoklastes, are recombinations of two of his most familiar compositional modes of the 1640s, the oration and the animadversion, tactics derived ultimately from classical rhetorical theory and Renaissance assimilations of it. Each tract also displays a poeticized rhetoric which represents Milton’s signature adaptation of the close relationship between rhetoric and poetic found in classical and Renaissance rhetorical texts. Evidence for these claims can be found in the structures, styles, and aesthetic manifestations of all three pamphlets, particularly the classical low and middle styles, the formulaic mechanism of quotation and reply, and the prose genre of the Character.

Reviews 233 allows for a comparison so general, one might doubt its usefulness. “Painting is really like poetry/' van Eck writes, “because both arts are inventions that make appear things that do not exist" (p. 68). Yet the point of van Eek's book is not to show how painting and architecture are the same as rhetoric, but how a culture saturated with the lessons of classical rhetoric influenced the creation and reception of visual art. In fact, rather than primarily focusing on works of visual art and architecture, the book is actually more concerned with the way early modern artists, architects, and spectators spoke and wrote about the visual arts. This is the book's strength, as example after example reveals that classical rhetorical theory provided a rich mine for both artists seeking to describe their method and spectators accounting for their reaction to the artwork. The discussion (in chapter fixe) of poetic responses to the discovery of the Lnocoon statue in 1506 is particularly interesting in this regard. The responses laud the power of the statue to move the viewer while drawing on the language of classical rhetorical theorv. As a whole van Eek's studv is a compelling and welcome contribution to the growing body of work on earlv modern visual culture, broadly defined. Through careful readings of a v ariety of early modern texts about art and architecture from England and Italy, she is able to show how rhetoric influ­ enced the theory, practice and reception of the visual arts. The book serves as a correctiv e to art historical approaches based on theories of aesthetics and style after Kant that downplay the instrumental character of much early modern art. To accomplish this, though, the variety of rhetorical theory is necessarily placed in the background to allow for the common threads that tie rhetoric to the v isual arts in van Eek's account to come into relief. For those interested in early modern European visual culture this will seem a small price to pay. James A. Knapp Eastern Michigan University Susan Miller, Trust in Texts: A Different History ofRhetoric. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008. xiv + 224 pp. This is an astute, ingenious, and inclusive survey of the contemporary Anglophone discussion that centers on what Miller considers the rhetorical core: that is, pedagogy, training for discursive performance—either in civil affairs or in "self-fashioning," techniques of representation of the practi­ tioner for both public and private motives. That is, both teaching-practice and practice-practice. Tier vital distinction is the prefix meta . rhetoric engages "multiple metadiscourses derived from ritual, imaginative, affil iative practices" (p. 1). Rhetoric as pedagogy is obviously meta-discourse, discourse about discourse; it can, or should, invest in meta-discursive 234 RHETORICA controlling, important—discourses that form and are formed by vital, specific life-interests. On the one hand, the multiple metadiscourses are practices 1) "that we trust for their well-supported and reasoned statements", or 2) "for their participation in infrastructures of trustworthiness," products of "special plane[s] of understanding, and [their] consequences" (p. 2). But, on the other hand, pedagogy, as schooling in the conditions of trust, deals also with trust, not in reason and the shared infrastructure, but with uncertainty, bad faith; it functions "symbolically and charismatically" (p. 3), it can be a "retreat to the orphic" (p. 147). Still, it is always creating "contexts for choice" in an "emergent present" (p. 3) responding—she cites John O. Ward—to "distinct market niches" (p. 4), or, preferably to universal/human, national, global niches. Thus, rhetoric is hegemonous: powerful in its contribution to "productivity and stature of the present [whatever] age," or to "the circulation of contemporary values" (p. 37). As hegemonous, omnicompetent: the study considers political ideolo­ gies, literary aspirations, social ambitions, power contests, gender definings, genre strategies. Rhetoric can be reformulated as concerned with "ad hoc, class-based, experiential, and especially educational bonds that enable per­ suasion" (p. 53). Anything, in short, "crucial to monitoring, reprocessing, and delivering the limits of trust" (p. 5). There is, as well, a very strong emphasis on the pertinent contributions of emotional as well as cognitive capacities. Indeed, a large...

In his Holy Sonnets, the English Renaissance poet and divine John Donne (1572–1631) gives voice to powerful emotional outbursts. Previous critics have mostly been concerned with the religious context and theological positions of the sonnets. This study rather attempts to isolate the psychological context of the poems by relating them to the early modern discourse on the passions. In order to grasp the pathos of Donne’s Holy Sonnets, we need to consider the advice on how to handle violent emotion in such treatises as Thomas Wright’s The Passions of the Minde in Generall (1604) and Edward Reynolds’s A Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the Soule of Man (1640).

The present contribution to the analysis of the rhetorical genre of eulogy and blame proposes to approach this oratorical undertaking from the point of view of its performative action on praxis. The question is to clarify the conditions of the possibility of this eminently ritual exercise of qualification of the world that attempts, by emphasizing the value of a figure that is rather singular, that of the "hero," to express the present of a community and to program passing to the act. The goal of our reflection consists in showing how the epideictic genre, by the confirmation of a meaning actualized by the speech act, strives to establish and fix the properties of things and consecrate the symbolic forms that can present themselves as justification of a collective action.

Book Review| February 01 2009 Review: Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present: Historical and Bibliographic Studies (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication), by Carol Poster et Linda C. Mitchell Carol Poster et Linda C. Mitchell, eds., Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present: Historical and Bibliographic Studies (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication). Columbia (South Carolina): University of South Carolina Press, 2007. 346 pp. Rhetorica (2009) 27 (1): 106–109. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2009.27.1.106 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present: Historical and Bibliographic Studies (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication), by Carol Poster et Linda C. Mitchell. Rhetorica 1 February 2009; 27 (1): 106–109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2009.27.1.106 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2009 by the Regents of the University of California2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| February 01 2009 Review: Theatron: Rhetorische Kultur in Spätantike und Mittelalter/Rhetorical Culture in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Millennium Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. 13), by Michael Grünbart Michael Grünbart, ed., Theatron: Rhetorische Kultur in Spätantike und Mittelalter/Rhetorical Culture in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Millennium Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. 13). Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2007. xiii + 516 pp. Rhetorica (2009) 27 (1): 102–106. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2009.27.1.102 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Theatron: Rhetorische Kultur in Spätantike und Mittelalter/Rhetorical Culture in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Millennium Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. 13), by Michael Grünbart. Rhetorica 1 February 2009; 27 (1): 102–106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2009.27.1.102 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2009 by the Regents of the University of California2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

106 RHETORICA by Malalas to enhance his account of the rebellion of Vitalian in 515. But I can think of no comment by Fatouros that would explain the inclusion of Gernot Krapinger's "Die Bienen des armen Mannes in Antike und Mittelalter" (pp. 189—201), in which he traces the theme of a poem by Bernard Silvestrus (late 12th century) to a declamation attributed to Quintilian; or the paper by Tilman Krischer arguing that Byzantine explorers went as far as East Africa in search of gold, "Die materiellen Voraussetzungen des geistigen Lebens in Byzanz—Handelskontakte mit Ostafrika, ihre Vorgeschichte und ihre Nachwirkung" (pp. 203-09). All of the papers in this volume are in any event well worth reading; and we should be particularly grateful to Efthymiadis and Featherstone, to Kotzabassi, and to Krapinger for prov iding us with some relatively inacces­ sible texts. The volume itself is handsomely produced, though I note a few editorial blemishes: e.g., "critized" (p. 242), ώεΗ (p. 435), "looses" (p. 436), "prosopoiia" (p. 444), μεγζ.λυτέρου (p. 445); and the Index locorum contains two separate entries for Manuel Holobolus and for Menander Rhetor, the latter of which is incomplete. With the exception of the last, I don't think Grunbart should be held responsible for any of these. His was, after all, an immense task. Thomas M. Conley University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign Carol Poster et Linda C. Mitchell, eds., Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present: Historical and Bibliographic Studies (Studies in Rhetoric/ Communication), Columbia (South Ca­ rolina); University of South Carolina Press, 2007. 346 pp. Après une préface qui précise le sujet de chacun des chapitres et une introduction générale de Carol Poster, cet ouvrage est divisé en onze cha­ pitres disposés chronologiquement, de l'Antiquité grecque à notre époque. Suivent 91 pages de bibliographie, en sept sections, une pour l'Antiquité, une pour le Moyen-Âge latin, deux pour la période 1500-1700, une pour le XVIIIe siècle en Angleterre, deux pour les XIXe et XXe siècles. Robert G. Sullivan («Classical Epistolary Theory and the Letters of Isocrates »), constatant qu'on ne peut analyser les lettres d'époque classique à la lumière des manuels subsistants, qui sont beaucoup plus tardifs, s intéresse à ce que nous disent elles-mêmes les lettres d'Isocrate sur la conception que se fait cet auteur du genre épistolaire, classant sa production en lettres de recommandation («letters of patronage»), lettres de conseil («counsel or advice») et lettres mixtes remplissant plusieurs fonctions à la fois. R. S. tire de son étude quelques règles principales (p. 11), tout en notant qu'Isocrate tend fréquemment à ne pas les respecter. Il passe ensuite en revue toutes les œuvres de cet auteur qui relèvent de manière plus ou moins directe du Reviews 107 genre épistolaire et en tire la conclusion que la lettre n'est pas pour Isocrate un genre spécifique, mais un type formel, un vaisseau qui porte des compositions relevant de différents genres rhétoriques. La contribution de Carol Poster, «A Conversation Halved» présente un tableau général de ce que nous savons de la théorie épistolaire dans l'Antiquité. Elle évoque le cas des manuels grammaticaux, des papyrus sco­ laires, des lettres littéraires et de la fiction épistolaire, et esquisse une judi­ cieuse étude de la place que pouvait tenir l'épistolaire chez les théoriciens de la rhétorique. Mais son analyse la plus développée est consacrée aux six principaux témoins de la théorie, dont elle signale avec raison le lien avec la tradition littéraire: trois pages du traité de Démétrios, Péri Hermeneias (=Du Style; il faudrait compléter la bibliographie sur cet auteur avec l'ouvrage de Pierre Chiron, Un rhéteur méconnu: Démtrios (Ps.-Démétrios de Phalère). Essai sur les mutations de la théorie du style à l'époque hellénistique (Paris: Vrin, 2001)), le bref exposé de Philostrate de Lemnos, la Lettre 51 de Grégoire de Nazianze, les deux petits traités faussement attribués à Libanios et à Démétrios...

102 RHETORICA brevemente su: a) origine ed evoluzione dei panegirici (pp. 11-13); b) il corpus dei Panegyrici Latiui dei secoli III e IV d. C. (pp. 13-19); c) la Gratiarum actio di Claudio Mamertino a Giuliano, con particolare attenzione al contesto storico (pp. 19-22), all'autore e alia circostanza storica (pp. 22-4), all'immagine dell imperatore Giuliano che emerge dal panegírico (pp. 24-9), al carattere funzionale di alcune figure retoriche a cui fa ricorso Claudio Mamertino (pp. 29—37); d) la tradizione manoscritta del testo dei Panegyrici, con una rapida rassegna di informazioni sulla scoperta in etá umanistica, sui manoscritti e sulle edizioni (pp. 38-43); e) sulla presente edizione (pp. 43-4). Le pp. 48-97 sono occupate dal testo latino con una traduzione in castigliano , che sostanzialmente rispetta le caratteristiche e i moduli espressivi del testo antico; successivamente (pp. 101-56) si sviluppa il commento. Concludono il volume una bibliografía (pp. 157-61) e un indice dei nomi propri (p. 163). Nella presentazione (p. 7) LA. dicbiara di aderire alia convinzione di chi ritiene che, per realizzare un contributo plenamente valido sul piano scientifico , sia necessario affiancare al commento storico quello letterario; in realtá, le pagine dedícate al commento dimostrano come LA. preferisca concentrarsi soprattutto sugli aspetti storici che emergono dal testo della Gratiarum actio; il confronto con le fonti parallele considérate, soprattutto Ammiano Marcellino , forse avrebbe meritato un maggiore approfondimento e una sinossi critica, con cui evidenziare relazioni, affinitá o divergenze. II volume, che in piü di un'occasione presenta non trascurabili erron tipografici e citazionali, dimostra nel suo insieme di nascere da una familiarit á con il testo di Claudio Mamertino e piü in generale con le principali tematiche sviluppate dalla tradizione panegiristica latina. Claudio Buongiovanni Universíta degli Studi Federico IL Napoli Michael Grunbart, ed., Theatron: Rhetorische Kultur in Spatantike und Mittelalter/Rhetorical Culture in Late Antiquity and the MiddleAges (Mil­ lennium Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. 13), Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2007. xiii+516 pp. This collection of 23 scholarly papers is a Festschrift marking the eightieth birthday of George Fatouros, a prominent scholar of Byzan­ tium, whose achievements include editions of the letters of Michael Gabras (Vienna: Ôsterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1973) and Theodore Studites (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992), as well as translations into German of some of the imperial orations of Libanios (Stuttgart. Hiersemann, 2002). Two of the papers bear directly on the gatherings of scholars, members of aristocratic families and otherwise literate devotees of the Hochsprache of Byzantine authors that the title of the collection refers to. Przemyslaw Marciniak, in "Byzantine Theatron—A Place of Performance?" (pp. 277-85) Reviews 103 attempts to cast the performance aspect of the theatron in language borro­ wed from information theory, as a "cybernetic unit" comprised of "feedback between sender and receiver." Such an approach casts little light, I am afraid, on the social dimension of performances that were meant not just as enter­ tainments, but as a means of gaining upward social mobility and patronage. Ida Toth also sees the theatron as a performance space in "Rhetorical Thea­ tron in Late Byzantium: The Example of Palaiologan Imperial Orations" (pp. 429-48). Major orations performed in theatron settings for liturgical feasts, commemorative occasions, or even, e.g., on the occasion of the return of the emperor from a military campaign, called for invitations to officially appointed orators such as Nicephoros Gregoras and Demetrios Kydones to compose and deliver speeches marking such occasions. Toth's analysis of a number of autograph manuscript copies of speeches from this period (12611453 ) suggests that they were meant not only to record the performances but to be circulated and commented on as well, thus offering us a peek into the rhetorical network, so to speak. I will return to Toth's paper later. There are several pieces on works that were probably also performed before audiences, although not necessarily in a theatron setting—for instance, speeches delivered by Arethas in the court of Leon VI (see Marina Loukaki's "Notes sur l'activité d'Aréthas comme rhéteur de la cour de L...

Reviews Raffaella Cribiore, The School of Libanins in Late Antique Antioch. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. 360 pp. ISBN-10· 0-691128234 -3 Given the enormous body of writing left bv Libanius (b. 314 C.E.), sophist of Antioch, it is surprising that more scholarship has not been generated on this dynamic figure. Raffaella Cribiore, author of the prize winning Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek Education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (Princeton, 2001), has gone some distance in filling that gap with the impressive volume under consideration here. Her book serves two purposes: to provide an overview of education in the Greek East in Late Antiquity, with a focus on the school of Libanius in Antioch, and to present new English translations of ox er 200 of Libanius' letters to fathers, students, and other teachers. Using this material, Cribiore argues that assessments of Libanius as a personality based on his orations and the long Autobiography (composed in 374 and supplemented on numerous occasions up to the supposed date of his death, 393: see A. L. Norman, Libanius. Autobiography and Selected Letters, vol I, ed. and trans. A. L. Norman (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1992), "Introduction" pp. 7-16) will become more three-dimensional through the evidence of the letters. Admirably, she does not read the letters as direct reports of Libanius' character or of history: "[l]etters manipulate reality no less than do speeches self-consciously composed for public consumption or autobiography" (p. 3). The character that takes shape in these letters, argues Cribiore, provides a counterbalance to the "old, embittered sophist" of the Autobiography and the late speeches (p. 6). She seeks to keep in view the warm, supportive teacher and passionate devotee of the logoi alongside the more familiar figure: a Libanius anguished over his physical trials and personal losses, and resentful at the loss of students to other teachers and other interests, such as philosophy and Roman law. Cribiore brings attention to the status of the letter as a genre residing "between public and private" (p. 4) and to the teaching of epistolary rhetoric (pp. 169-73). Letters were essential to the sophist in maintaining contact with former students, their families, and friends; he used them as a central form of promotion and recruitment to keep his school, so closely identified with the man himself, active and filled with students. "'A friend's children have come Rhetorica, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1, pp. 98-111, ISSN 0734-8584, electronic ISSN 15338541 . C2009 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights re­ served. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/RH.2009.27.1.98. Reviews 99 to a friend through a friend"' (letter number 204, 321; qtd. p. 110): through such artful formulations Libanius forges a chain of connections among elites across the great distances of the empire. Cribiore emphasizes the role of the carrier, often the student in question, in presenting the letter, and the topos of letter as gift (p. 173; see also Norman, Libanius, pp. 17-43). In the translation section, Cribiore helpfully groups letters into "dossiers": clusters of letters concerning a single student or family. Most had instrumental goals—to evaluate a student to a father, to recommend a student for a position—but more fundamentally, Cribiore observes, each "had to represent the cultural values [Libanius] embodied" (p. 105). They functioned to maintain bonds of philia, the practice of a codified web of relationships (p. 107), forming the connective tissue of elite Greek society in Late Antiquity. Beginning with overview chapters on Libanius in Antioch and schools of rhetoric in the Roman East, Cribiore then moves in more closely to educational practices: the network of relations woven by epistolary practices, processes of admission and evaluation, the content of the curriculum, a long and short course of study, and a discussion of career paths of students after they completed their rhetorical education. The analysis ends with a somewhat cryptic and gloomy section on the silences of Libanius' final years: his illness and depression, the usurpation of rhetoric...

Reviews 101 promotion of building activities (p. 227). Over the years, Cribiore speculates, Libanius came to realize that "although a veneer of rhetoric was important [for a youth] to show that he belonged to the same world as an official whose entourage he sought to enter," an intensive study of the art was optional and did not guarantee success (p. 228). Despite the abundance of material from Libanius, Cribiore acknowl­ edges that what we have is still quite fragmentary: the data "are neither complete nor binding" (p. 80). She makes the reader vividly aware that con­ structing a story or argument about the era is a risky and tentative operation. Cribiore's strengths are the accumulation and rigorous examination of ex­ tremely diffuse pieces of evidence, as well as an abiding interest in the scene of education. For this labor, scholars of rhetoric owe Cribiore a debt. The view of rhetorical education in late antiquity ventured here, and particularly the translations of Libanius' teaching letters, provide the material for many more analyses of this vibrant and perplexing period of rhetorical history. Susan C. Jarratt University of California, Irvine M.a Pilar García Ruiz, Claudio Mamertino: Panegírico (Gratiarum Actio ) al Emperador Juliano, introducción, edición, traducción y comen­ tario (Mundo Antiguo—Series Minor 4), Pamplona: Ediciones Uni­ versidad de Navarra, 2006, pp. 163. In poco meno di trenta anni, tra il 1964 e il 1992, R. A. B. Mynors, P. Fedeli (che portava a termine il lavoro intrapreso dal suo maestro V. Paladini) e D. Lassandro hanno pubblicato tre edizioni del corpas dei Panegyrici Latiai che, partendo da quelle fondamentali di E. Baehrens del 1874 e del figlio W. Baehrens del 1911, hanno senza dubbio apportato significativi miglioramenti al testo, assestandolo in una forma pressoché definitiva e unánimemente accolta dalla comunitá scientifica. Avvalendosi dell'ottimo lavoro svolto da tali illustri precedenti, come ella stessa dichiara nella presentazione del volume (p. 7), M.a Pilar García Ruiz pubblica ora una nuova edizione critica con introduzione, traduzione in castigliano e commento del Panegírico aU'iniperatore Giuliano, composto da Claudio Mamertino e pronunciato il 1° gennaio del 362 d.C.; LA. é arrivata a tale risultato dopo aver gia prodotto alcuni articoli sulla raccolta dei panegirici latini e sulla figura dell'imperatore Giuliano, nell'ambito di un piü ampio progetto sugli aspetti storico-letterari del rapporto tra paganesimo e cristianesimo "nell'ultimo secolo dell'impero romano." Dopo la presentazione (pp. 7-9), il volume presenta una introduzione (pp. 11-44) in cui sono fornite al lettore alcune notizie preliminari necessarie ad un adeguato inquadramento storico e letterario del testo in esame, nonché dei principali temí in esso riscontrabili. Nello specifico, 1 A. si sofferma 102 RHETORICA brevemente su: a) origine ed evoluzione dei panegirici (pp. 11-13); b) il corpus dei Panegyrici Latiui dei secoli III e IV d. C. (pp. 13-19); c) la Gratiarum actio di Claudio Mamertino a Giuliano, con particolare attenzione al contesto storico (pp. 19-22), all'autore e alia circostanza storica (pp. 22-4), all'immagine dell imperatore Giuliano che emerge dal panegírico (pp. 24-9), al carattere funzionale di alcune figure retoriche a cui fa ricorso Claudio Mamertino (pp. 29—37); d) la tradizione manoscritta del testo dei Panegyrici, con una rapida rassegna di informazioni sulla scoperta in etá umanistica, sui manoscritti e sulle edizioni (pp. 38-43); e) sulla presente edizione (pp. 43-4). Le pp. 48-97 sono occupate dal testo latino con una traduzione in castigliano , che sostanzialmente rispetta le caratteristiche e i moduli espressivi del testo antico; successivamente (pp. 101-56) si sviluppa il commento. Concludono il volume una bibliografía (pp. 157-61) e un indice dei nomi propri (p. 163). Nella presentazione (p. 7) LA. dicbiara di aderire alia convinzione di chi ritiene che, per realizzare un contributo plenamente valido sul piano scientifico , sia necessario affiancare al commento storico quello letterario; in realtá, le pagine dedícate al commento dimostrano come LA. preferisca concentrarsi soprattutto sugli aspetti storici che emergono dal testo della Gratiarum actio; il confronto con le fonti parallele considérate, soprattutto Ammiano Marcellino , forse avrebbe meritato un maggiore approfondimento e una...

Historians of science resist recognizing a role for mathematics in The Origin of Species on the grounds that Darwin’s arguments are inductive and mathematics is deductive, while rhetoricians seem to oppose the idea that deductive mathematical arguments fall within the jurisdiction of rhetorical analysis. A close textual analysis of the arguments in The Origin and a careful examination of the methodological/philosophical context in which Darwin is doing science, however, challenges these objections against and assumptions about the role of mathematical warrants in Darwin’s arguments and their importance to his rhetorical efforts in the text.

It is often claimed that Italian humanists disapproved of the study of rhetoric for women, seeing it as transgressing the social- ethical norms that reserved the public virtue of eloquence for men. A key piece of evidence adduced for this view is a passage in Leonardo Bruni’s De studiis et litteris, which appears to exclude the study of rhetoric for women on precisely these grounds. This paper challenges the conventional interpretation of this passage, arguing instead for a satirical reading. Far from proscribing rhetorical study for women in De studiis, it is suggested here, Bruni advocates an innovative humanistic model of rhetorical education, using the choice of a female addressee to underline the novelty of this ideal.

My argument concerns ways of communicating with divinities, by detailed analysis of the suasoria in a diachronic route through Greek and Latin comic and tragic theatrical texts. Particular attention is paid to the Latin palliata and, through the epic filter, to the Senecan tragic corpus. The trait d’union is the prayer of the faithful to the gods who are “orati” for favours received (e.g. as happens in the Plautine corpus), or for favours to be received (as can be seen paradigmatically in the Senecan Hercules Oetaeus). I present an interdisciplinary analysis of the intersection of rhetoric, religion, and theatre, looking into sub specie suasoriae through the linguistic examination of the “text present” to eventually the “text absent,” that is, the epochal social, religious and anthropological dimension linked to the “word.” Study of “linguistic rejects” is of great help, that is, of the rhetorical and stylistic forms that are extremely effective above all in the religio-liturgical context. Through this research that also highlights the captatio benevolentiae connotative of the suasoria, I would like to add to the results relating to the decodification of religious and behavioural codes even through the use of parody.

One of the few features of Aristotelian rhetoric that his successors have noticed and developed is his three kinds, deliberative, judicial and epideictic. I want to look at what function the division of rhetoric into three kinds serves in his own argument.

Abstract: What follows is an Arabic-English translation of Alfarabi's short commentary on Aristotle's Rhetoric. This is the first English translation of a significant medieval Arabic text made available to English-speaking scholars in rhetoric, philosophy, and logic.

Abstract: Bernard Lamy's view of rhetoric in L'Art de Parler may be explained as an attempt to address religious exigencies. Lamy advises about two religious roles: theologian and preacher. Theologians' attempts to overcome ignorance and preachers' attempts to overcome willful blindness and inattentiveness in congregations help to account for why Lamy views truth as a matter of certainty rather than probability, and argument as syllogistic rather than connected to style and audience beliefs. Since Lamy conceives of a traditional sense of rhetoric—copious eloquence—as a source of religious problems, he advocates a modernized view of rhetoric to address them.

What follows is an Arabic-English translation of Alfarabi’s short commentary on Aristotle’s Rhetoric. This is the first English translation of a significant medieval Arabic text made available to English-speaking scholars in rhetoric, philosophy, and logic.

Bernard Lamy's view of rhetoric in L'Art de Parler may be explained as an attempt to address religious exigencies. Lamy advises about two religious roles: theologian and preacher. Theologians' attempts to overcome ignorance and preachers' attempts to overcome willful blindness and inattentiveness in congregations help to account for why Lamy views truth as a matter of certainty rather than probability, and argument as syllogistic rather than connected to style and audience beliefs. Since Lamy conceives of a traditional sense of rhetoric-copious eloquence-as a source of religious problems, he advocates a modernized view of rhetoric to address them.

Zusammenfassung: Im Zuge des “rhetorical turn” wird Rhetorik immer stärker als Schlüsselfaktor begriffen, wenn es um die Analyse der Bedingungen von Wissenschaft, genauer ihres Erkenn tnisstrebens, ihrer Methoden und Wissensstrukturen sowie der öffentlichkeitswirksamen Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen geht. 1st Rhetorik eine Erkenntnistheorie? Reicht Rhetorik, verstanden als Inventions- und Argumentationstheorie, um zwischen wissen-schaftlichen Geltungsansprüchen zu entscheiden? Und welchen Nutzen hat eine “Wissenschaftsrhetorik”?

AbstractThe explosion in the study of late antiquity during the last generation has generated an important number of works devoted to Greek rhetoric; on the other hand, the influence of confessionalism in patristic studies has decreased. With that in mind, this paper aims to underline the importance of John Chrysostom's Encomium to Meletius and to highlight the impact of rhetoric on the internal struggles of Nicenism during the last years of the fourth century ce in Antioch.

Book Review| August 01 2008 Review: Redner und Rhetorik: Studie zur Begriffs- und Ideengeschichte des Rednerideals, by Franz-Hubert Robling, The Ethos of Rhetoric, by Michael J. Hyde Franz-Hubert Robling: Redner und Rhetorik: Studie zur Begriffs- und Ideengeschichte des Rednerideals (Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte: Sonderheft 5) (Hamburg: Meiner, 2007); 305 S. ISBN 3-7873-1834-8.Michael J. Hyde, ed.: The Ethos of Rhetoric (Studies in Rhetoric/Communication) (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2004). XXVIII, 231 pp. ISBN 1-57003-538-5. Rhetorica (2008) 26 (3): 339–343. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.339 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Redner und Rhetorik: Studie zur Begriffs- und Ideengeschichte des Rednerideals, by Franz-Hubert Robling, The Ethos of Rhetoric, by Michael J. Hyde. Rhetorica 1 August 2008; 26 (3): 339–343. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.339 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2008 by the Regents of the University of California2008 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| August 01 2008 Review: Renaissance Rhetoric Short-Title Catalogue 1460-1700, by Lawrence D. Green and James J. Murphy Lawrence D. Green and James J. MurphyRenaissance Rhetoric Short-Title Catalogue 1460-1700. Second edition. Aldershot UK/Burlington USA: Ashgate, 2006, xxxv, 467 pp. ISBN 0 7546 0509 4. Rhetorica (2008) 26 (3): 337–339. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.337 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Renaissance Rhetoric Short-Title Catalogue 1460-1700, by Lawrence D. Green and James J. Murphy. Rhetorica 1 August 2008; 26 (3): 337–339. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.337 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2008 by the Regents of the University of California2008 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Abstract In 1531, Julius Caesar Scaliger published his Oratio pro M. Tullio Cicerone contra Des. Erasmum, a scathing attack on Erasmus occasioned by the publication three years earlier of Erasmus's Dialogus Ciceronianus sive de optimo dicendi genere, which, in turn, had attacked the proponents of the view that Cicero was the best and only model for good Latin rhetorical style. Erasmus never responded in print to Scaliger's vituperative “oration” (in reality, a pamphlet meant to be circulated among the literati). This paper argues that Erasmus did not respond because Scaliger's insults were so vile and beside the point that they did not deserve serious attention. A rhetorical re-reading of the Oratio provides some insight into the “proper” conduct of insults more generally, especially as they are meant as vehicles for “upward mobility” in a Res publica litteraria.

Reviews 339 Latomus on the orations of Cicero, published in Paris as early as 1531 by the freshly arrived Flemish printer Chrétien Wechel, would have been recorded in the RRSTC. As is well known, the activities of these young German scholars were of crucial importance for the development and—rhetorical— orientation of what is now called the Collège de France, founded in 1530. I am sure that any other specialist of a limited field of study can make critical remarks of this kind. Some will be justified, others rejected with good reason by the authors of the RRSTC. Not one single person will be capable of asking pertinent questions concerning the full scope of the catalogue: that privilege—if it is one—is restricted to J. J. Murphy and L. D. Green. This new edition of the RRSTC is a landmark in the history of Renais­ sance scholarship. It is a life-time achievement, but not in the sense that it is now in its final and definitive state. The authors promise to add in due course not only new entries, but full indexes of dates, places of publication, printers. The addition of these indexes would indeed enhance the value of the book and make it accessible to a larger and more diverse audience. Considering all the work that has been done so far, one hesitates to impose another task on the authors' shoulders. Is there no end to their efforts? There seems to be none. The heavv and grateful use of the RRSTC by the entire scholarly community will be their due reward. Kees Meerhoff Huizinga Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam Franz-Hubert Robling: Redner und Rhetorik: Studie zur Regriffs- und Ideengeschichte des Rednerideals (Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte: Sonderheft 5) (Hamburg: Meiner, 2007); 305 S. ISBN 3-7873-1834-8. Michael J. Hyde, ed.: The Ethos ofRhetoric (Studies in Rhetoric / Com­ munication) (Columbia, SC : University of South Carolina Press, 2004). XXVIII, 231 pp. ISBN 1-57003-538-5. L'étude de F.-H. Robling (= FHR), réalisée dans le cadre du projet de la Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft «Historisches Wôrterbuch der Rhetorik», se propose d'étudier l'image idéale de l'orateur, telle qu'elle a été conçue en rhétorique depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au 18e s. Ce programme, embrassant une période qui s'étend sur plus de vingt siècles, relève a priori d'une gageure, mais l'auteur souligne dans la préface que son intention est d'offrir un regard synthétique sur une tradition qui s'achève avec Kant. Après avoir dégagé un aperçu sur l'état des recherches (pp. 13-23), FHR défend la méthode qu'il a ici adoptée: c'est en suivant le fil de l'histoire des idées, en prenant en compte les contextes technique, culturel, éthique et anthropologique particulier, qu il se propose de reconstruire le concept esthétique, philosophique et culturel d'«orateur», entendu comme «Sub- 340 RHETORICA jekt der Rhetorik, wie ihn die rhetorische Kunstlehre in ihren kanonischen Schriften behandelt» (p. 28). Le livre se divise en quatre parties. Dans une première partie (pp. 29-73: «Teil A: Der Redner als Fachmann der Rede: Das antike Grundmodell), Fauteur étudie le modèle antique de l'orateur, conçu par la sophistique, puis Aristote et la rhétorique d'école gréco-romaine, comme spécialiste et «technicien» (techmtès, artifex) du dis­ cours. FHR poursuit son examen avec une courte réflexion sur les tâches de l'orateur qui, dès l'Antiquité, révèlent une opposition entre, d'une part, une conception moralement neutre de la technique, où l'on demande à l'orateur de convaincre à travers un discours efficace, et, d'autre part, une orientation éthique en vertu de laquelle l'orateur doit persuader de ce qui est bien et présenter un comportement irréprochable et un caractère honnête. Mais la subjectivité de celui qui prend la parole entre aussi en jeu; c'est ce que FHR étudie dans les pages qui suivent, avant de montrer, dans un dernier cha­ pitre, comment les situations publiques dans lesquelles...

Il rapporto tra retorica e religione può essere analizzato dal punto di vista di un denominator comune: l’aspetto comunicativo. Si possono identificare diverse direzioni della comunicazione religiosa, tendenzialmente persuasiva: da dio a uomo, da uomo a dio, da uomo ad uomo. Le diverse forme possono essere esemplificate attraverso il ricorso a testi che vanno dal Vecchio Testamente fino alla letteratura contemporanea.

Two noteworthy and successful vernacular rhetoric manuals printed in sixteenth-century England are actually writing manuals, books on how to compose letters: William Fulwood’s The Enimie of Idlenesse (1568), and Angel Day’s The English Secretorie (1586). Both works reflected and sought to influence literacy habits in the bookreading public, and reveal a wider range of cultural engagement than has previously been thought. In particular, three aspects are likely to have stirred reader interest: a connection for vernacular learners with both the humanist and dictaminal epistolary traditions that formed the core of prestige education; a focus on practical letter exchanges that carry familial and social significance; and a large collection of model letters, in which readers would have found exemplary discourse coupled with proto-fictional and amatory elements that could be enjoyed as entertainment. Understanding the varied appeals of these two books helps us fill out the larger picture relating to how vernacular literacy was valued, developed, and applied.

In this article, the authors analyze the history of 12th- century Byzantine intellectual Anna Comnena with attention to the use of rhetoric in her life and work. By analyzing the fragmentary historical record about Anna, they revise earlier readings of her relation to power, shifting critical scrutiny from a psychological perspective on Anna as an emotional and disappointed woman to her rhetorical performance and choices as a historiographer. By studying her strategies of self-presentation and use of figured discourse, they locate Anna as a participant in world-changing events: a writer who communicates the losses and pain experienced by those living in violent and politically volatile times.

Reviews Lawrence D. Green and James J. Murphy, Renaissance Rhetoric ShortTitle Catalogue 1460-1700. Second edition. Aldershot UK/Burlington USA: Ashgate, 2006, xxxv, 467 pp. ISBN 0 7546 0509 4 As the cover of the new RRSTC of works on rhetoric from the beginning of printing to the Enlightenment states, or rather understates, this catalogue is a "revised and expanded" version of the one published by James J. Murphy two and a half decades earlier. My personal copy of this first edition tells me that I purchased it in New York City, April 23, 1981.1 still remember my excitement after leaving the publisher's office: this was indeed a precious gift for all those interested in Renaissance rhetoric. And it was a very courageous gift as well, since it inevitably demonstrated not only the vast knowledge of one of the founding fathers of the ISHR in those rich but largely unexplored fields, but also the gaps in his knowledge. Over the years, we—students of Renaissance rhetoric, in various stages of immaturity—all had the STC on our shelves, making good use of all it had to offer, and feeling proud to be able to add an edition, or a name, or an entirely unknown work in its margins. No one, except Lawrence Green, went so far as to devote the major part of his research time—and doubtlessly a considerable part of his spare time—to the correction and expansion of Murphy's pioneering catalogue. The results of his efforts are now available in print, and the Introduction preceding the actual RRSTC shows with admirable clarity how the author managed to integrate a wealth of new printed bibliographical material and an everexpanding variety of high quality internet sources into the previous edition. It is difficult to conceive how much relentless work and genuine scholarship are hidden behind the following simple lines in the opening paragraph of the Introduction: "The RRSTC now presents 1,717 authors and 3,842 rhetorical titles in 12,325 printings, published in 310 towns and cities by 3,340 printers and publishers from Finland to Mexico." At the same time, one cannot fail to be deeply impressed and even more deeply grateful to the author. In its present form, the volume contains some five hundred pages printed in small type. The 1,717 authors are listed in alphabetical order. As far as possible, copies of their works have been inspected in order to prevent the kind of fantasies one often finds in catalogues. The entry on Rhetorica, Vol. XXVI, Issue 3, pp. 337-343, ISSN 0734-8584, electronic ISSN 15338541 . ©2008 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights re­ served. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/RH.2008.26.3.337. 338 RHETORICA Cicero alone covers 30 pages, and is in itself an eloquent invitation to all students of classical rhetoric to consider more carefully and respectfully the complex history of the transmission of all the major texts they are studying. It also offers many new opportunities to investigate the interaction between commentary and textbook in the course of time. As such, this book is not only an invaluable tool for Renaissance specialists, but a guide to the study of rhetoric from Antiquity to the present. By its very nature, an ambitious enterprise like this is open-ended; too much is happening at present on the internet. Almost every day new biblio­ graphical data become available. This is the paradox of the present moment: we all want to have a printed catalogue like the new RRSTC and we will bless its existence. At the same time, modern bibliographical tools are moving so swiftly, that ultimate perfection is more out of reach than ever. This is why Professor Green clearly states in his Introduction how much he would wel­ come suggestions, additions and corrections: like no one else, he is aware of the unavoidable shortcomings of this second edition, immensely expanded and improved though it is. The author explicitly invites readers to send their...

The explosion in the study of late antiquity during the last generation has generated an important number of works devoted to Greek rhetoric; on the other hand, the influence of confessionalism in patristic studies has decreased. With that in mind, this paper aims to underline the importance of John Chrysostom’s Encomium to Meletius and to highlight the impact of rhetoric on the internal struggles of Nicenism during the last years of the fourth century ce in Antioch

In 1531, Julius Caesar Scaliger published his Oratio pro M. Tullio Cicerone contra Des. Erasmum, a scathing attack on Erasmus occasioned by the publication three years earlier of Erasmus’s Dialogus Ciceronianus sive tie optimo dicendi genere, which, in turn, had attacked the proponents of the view that Cicero was the best and only model for good Latin rhetorical style. Erasmus never responded in print to Scaliger’s vituperative “oration” (in reality, a pamphlet meant to be circulated among the literati). This paper argues that Erasmus did not respond because Scaliger’s insults were so vile and beside the point that they did not deserve serious attention. A rhetorical re-reading of the Oratio provides some insight into the “proper” conduct of insults more generally, especially as they are meant as vehicles for “upward mobility” in a Res publica litteraria.

Abstract Popular eighteenth-century British biographies of Cicero had a significant impact on the rhetorical identity formation of Elizabeth Montagu (1720–1800). As the acknowledged founder of the “Bluestocking” salon, Elizabeth Montagu played a key role in forming the conversational and epistolary eloquence of her broad and influential network of men and women. A careful analysis of the young Elizabeth's epistolary discussion of biographies of Cicero and Atticus, especially Conyers Middleton's Life of Cicero, provides insight into Montagu's mature rhetorical practice as well as neo-Ciceronian influences on men's and women's rhetorical identity formation in eighteenth-century Britain.

Book Review| May 01 2008 Review: The Secret History of Emotion: From Aristotle's Rhetoric to Modern Brain Science, by Daniel M. Gross Daniel M. GrossThe Secret History of Emotion: From Aristotle's Rhetoric to Modern Brain Science. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2006. x + 194 pp. Rhetorica (2008) 26 (2): 200–202. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.2.200 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: The Secret History of Emotion: From Aristotle's Rhetoric to Modern Brain Science, by Daniel M. Gross. Rhetorica 1 May 2008; 26 (2): 200–202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.2.200 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2008 by the Regents of the University of California2008 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

200 RHETORICA pondent à un changement de locuteur reçoivent des appellations variées, pour lesquelles S. renvoie au Handbuch de Lausberg: sermocinatio, éthopée, prosopopée, contradictio, percontatio, communicatio, subiectio, conformatio '.... Toutes relèvent plus ou moins du dialogue fictif, mais une présentation glo­ bale et ordonnée aurait été utile, le paragraphe de l'introduction consacré à la communication étant très léger (p. 20). Le terme de contradictio, par exemple, n'existe que pour la déclamation. La percontatio correspond au départ à un interrogatoire et se présente comme un cas particulier de la figure générale de la subiectio (dialogue fictif avec l'adversaire), elle même s'inscrivant dans le cadre plus général de la sermocinatio, etc. Pour finir, il faut dire combien précieuses sont toutes les notes concer­ nant les problèmes historiques, juridiques et militaires: c'est assurément un point fort de ce commentaire, qui met bien en évidence à la fois le sta­ tut du soldat romain et les différents aspects de la procédure militaire. S. relève et définit une foule de termes techniques, renvoyant aux traités ju­ ridiques, rhétoriques et militaires, ainsi qu'aux historiens. Il y a là une masse d'informations qui éclaire véritablement la compréhension du texte. On saura gré à S. d'avoir envisagé le texte dans tous ses aspects et de fournir au lecteur une grande masse d'informations et de références. Son livre est assurément un livre fort utile aux spécialistes de rhétorique. Sylvie Franchet d'Espèrey Université de Bordeaux Daniel M. Gross, The Secret History ofEmotion: From Aristotle's Rhetoric to Modern Brain Science. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2006. x + 194 pp. This disappointing little book has several admirable goals, none of which it meets well. The author seeks to deconstruct (his term) contemporary sci­ entific accounts of the emotions that would reduce them to manifestations of biological processes; to criticize humanists who rely upon these accounts, especially Richard Sorabji and Martha Nussbaum, and to uncover an alter­ native or "secret" history of the emotions that in his view has been obscured by uncritical acceptance of the dominant Cartesian model of the human sub­ ject. To meet the first goal Gross selects as his straw man the neuroscientist Antonio Damasio, whose work on the biology of emotions has sparked some interest in recent years—although certainly no more than that of a wide range of scientists, at least some of whom offer accounts that can be easily adapted to the assumptions and goals of humanistic scholars. While Gross is no doubt right to criticize Damasio for his assumption of a transhistorical, universal human subject, he provides little or no evidence that Damasio's perspec­ tive is characteristic or representative of scientific thinking at large. What is more, he fails to consider the ways in which Damasio's own universalizing Reviews 201 views may be undermined by other, more nuanced research into the science of emotions. A similar reductivism is manifest in Gross' brief reference to sociobiology, which might lead the reader to the mistaken conclusion that there has been no discussion among sociobiologists of the multiple and di­ verse political implications of their research (to take but one example: the opening chapters of S. Shennan, Genes, Memes, and Human History). Gross' selective reading of the scientific literature on emotions not surprisingly shapes his assessment of liberal humanist attempts to reconcile philosophy and science. Oddly enough, for one committed to the social construction of emotions, Gross is more critical of writers like Sorabji and Nussbaum for their mistaken reliance on misleading science than he is for their impoverished accounts of social and historical constraints and possibilities. In his attempt to construct an alternative history of emotions, one that emphasizes their irreducible sociality, Gross would seem to be on surer ground. Here he traces continuities of thought from Aristotle and the Stoics through eighteenth-century writers David Hume, Sarah Fielding, William Perfect, and Adam Smith. The readings of Aristotle and the Stoics are straightforward; those of Hume and Smith perhaps more likely to spark...

Popular eighteenth-century British biographies of Cicero had a significant impact on the rhetorical identity formation of Elizabeth Montagu (1720–1800). As the acknowledged founder of the “Bluestocking” salon, Elizabeth Montagu played a key role in forming the conversational and epistolary eloquence of her broad and influential network of men and women. A careful analysis of the young Elizabeth’s epistolary discussion of biographies of Cicero and Atticus, especially Conyers Middleton’s Life of Cicero, provides insight into Montagu’s mature rhetorical practice as well as neo-Ciceronian influences on men’s and women’s rhetorical identity formation in eighteenth-century Britain.

202 RHETORICA rhetoric, as I read it, has never closed itself off to the possibilities of scientific knowledge, whatever form such knowledge may take at given periods of history. Gross is right to note the limitations of much scientific discourse when it purports to discuss subjectivity, society, and history. Where he sees those limitations as grounds for rejection of the very project of scientific explanation, others may well see an opportunity for and invitation to more productive interchange between scholars of various sorts, all of whom— humanistic and scientific alike—are both empowered and constrained by the conditions of their own disciplinarity. Thomas Habinek University of Southern California Francesca Santulli, Le parole del potere, il potere delle parole (Milano: Edizioni Franco Angeli, 2005), 186 pp. II connubio tra parola e potere ha, com'é ben noto, origini molto remóte. Giá nell'Atene del V secolo a.C. harte della parola assurse a protagonista assoluta della vita política, ruolo che conserva indiscutibilmente ancora ai nostri giorni. Questa considerazione fa da sfondo al volume di Francesca Santulli, Le parole del potere, il potere delle parole. Titolo emblemático, grazie al gioco chiastico deU'antimetabole che, invertendo la costruzione sintagmática di parole e potere, ne evoca con grande forza proprio la compenetrazione. II volume si dispiega in sei capitoli (Discorsi e política, pp. 11-30; Testi e contesti pp. 31-48; Strumenti e metodi, pp. 49-67; Premesse e retorica preelettorale , pp. 68-101; L'(auto)presentazione dei personaggi pp. 102-32; Argomentazione : la fonte, il rito, il racconto pp. 133-74), in cui procedono in maniera parallela e complementare considerazioni metodologiche e analisi empírica dei testi, e si chiude con una riflessione conclusiva dell'autrice (Una parola dopo, pp. 175-6), seguita da una ricca rassegna bibliográfica, composta da contributi teorici generali di natura linguistico-retorica e da studi specifici sul linguaggio político. Uno studio che abbia come/ocus l'analisi del discorso político necessita di una serie di chiarificazioni preliminari, prima tra tutte la definizione di discorso e, piú specificamente, quella di discorso político. Sull'illustre scia di Emile Benveniste, la studiosa propone la distinzione tra le categorie di storia e discorso, sottolineando di quest'ultimo il carattere personale e l'essenza di pratica sociale. Nel discorso la parola acquista valore performativo, si con­ figura, cioé, come forma di azione nella realtá (pp. 12-13). Ció é tanto piú vero nel caso del discorso político, inteso come discorso che coinvolge la ge­ stione del potere. A questo proposito possiamo ricordare quanto scrivevano P. Fabbri e A. Marcarino nel 1985 (II discorso político, pubblicato in "Carte semiotiche" 1, pp. 9-22): "quello político non é semplicemente un discorso "rappresentativo." Non si puó descriverlo come un insieme di enunciad in Reviews 203 relazione cognitiva con il reale ma va caratterizzato come un discorso in campo, destinato a chiamare e a rispondere, a dissuadere e a convincere; un discorso d uomini per trasformare uomini e relazioni fra uomini, non solo medium per ri-produrre il reale." Il dominio del discorso politico sembra tuttavia rimanere nell'incertezza. Talvolta esso assume un'estensione massima al punto da identificarsi con Tuso stesso del linguaggio e con il rischio di perdere le peculiarità che lo distinguono dalle altre tipologie di discorso. Se s'intende la política come dramma rappresentato da e a pubblici diversi in contesti sociali molto differenziati" (G. Fedel citato a p. 16), bisogna concludere che "il discorso politico, più che essere pensato come genere compatto, deve essere considé­ rate come una costellazione di generi (o "sotto-generi"), che comprendono forme e situazioni molto diverse in cui si esplica l'attività política" (p. 21). Secondo la Santulli, individuazione e classificazione delle sue forme specifiche possono e devono avvenire, in sintesi, sulla base dei seguenti parametri: l'ambientazione (setting) in contesti istituzionali o istituzionalizzati in cui agiscono in primo luogo personaggi politic! e con finalité decisamente politiche; il ruolo dei partecipanti e la posizione reciproca di emitiente e destinatario in cui il primo ha per obiettivo la convinzione del secondo. In questo panorama un'ulteriore complicazione ha origine con l'avvento di un "terzo attore," il...

Reviews Dieter Lau, Metapliertlieorien der Antike mid Hirephilosophischen Prinzipieii . Em Beitrag zur Grundlcigenforschung in der Eiteraturwissenschaft. Lateres 4 (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2006), 437 pp. Nel romanzo più famoso dello scrittore cileno Antonio Skármeta (Ar­ dente paciencia, pubblicato nel 1983, tradotto in lingua italiana da Garzanti col titolo II postino di Neruda e noto soprattutto per il film che ne ha tratto nel 1994 il regista inglese Michael Radford, II postino, l'ultimo girato da Massimo Troisi), il protagonista, il poeta Pablo Neruda, cerca di spiegare all'incolto postino Mario Jiménez cosa siano le metafore. La sintética lezione del premio Nobel ("Per spiegartelo più o meno confusamente, sono modi di dire una cosa paragonandola con un'altra") non rende certo giustizia alla complessitá di questa che—come afferma Quintiliano, il padre spirituale di tutti i maestri e professori—è la più diffusa di tutte le figure retoriche, un dono della natura talmente bello che perfino le persone ignoranti e prive di sensibilité la usano spesso, un ornamento cosí piacevole ed elegante da brillare come una stella luminosa anche nei discorsi più splendidi (Institutio Oratoria 8.6.4). Nelle oltre quattrocento pagine del suo volume (pubblicato nella collana "Lateres. Texte und Studien zu Antike, Mittelalter und früher Neuzeit"), Dieter Lau, professore emérito di Storia della cultura greca e latina all'universitá di Duisburg-Essen, passa in rassegna le teorie sulla metáfora elabórate dagli autori antichi e mette in luce i principi filosofici sui quali esse si fondano. II titolo, la struttura e l'organizzazione interna del saggio mostrano in modo esemplare quai è il punto di partenza del lavoro di Lau: non limitarsi alie sole, dettagliate esposizioni delle varie teorie della metáfora contenute nei trattati degli autori classici, ma risalire alie loro remóte origini, che sono presentí nei primi esempi di speculazione filosófica degli antichi Greci. Per questo motivo, benché il termine "metáfora" sia stato presumibilmente creato verso la fine del V secolo in ámbito sofistico, benché le prime attestazioni del termine "metáfora" non siano anteriori agli inizi del IV secolo (Isocrate, Evagora 9; Eschine, Contro Timarco 167) e benché le prime pagine espressamente dedícate a questo tropo siano quelle scritte nella seconda metà del IV secolo da Aristotele nella Poética e nella Retorica, un capitolo intero del vo­ lume, il primo, è dedicato a pensatori vissuti ben prima di sofisti noti (come Protagora e Gorgia) e meno noti, come per esempio Teodoro di Bisanzio, Rhetorica, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2, pp. 189-205, ISSN 0734-8584, electronic ISSN 15338541 . ©2008 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights re­ served. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, gj- http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI. 10.1525/RH.2008.26.2.189. 190 RHETORICA che Ludwig Radermacher considerava uno dei maggiori indiziati al titolo di primo scopritore e teorizzatore délia metáfora. Nel trattare "die Grundlegung der analogischen, generischen, onomatischen Einheit, der Begriffs- und Urteilslogik," Lau parte dai presocratici e dagli autori del Corpus Hippocraticum per giungere a Platone: poiché la metáfora, come chiarirà Aristotele, si basa sul principio dell'analogia, è necessario partiré dai pensatori che avevano affrontato per la prima volta dal punto filosófico (sia ontologico che logico) l'analogia trattando terni corne unità e pluralità, identità e diversité. Gli autori presi in esame da Lau sono prima Parmenide ed Eraclito, poi Empedocle (che aveva usato l'analogia corne strumento conoscitivo nello studio delle cause naturali) e gli autori medici (che, proprio seguendo il soleo tracciato da Empedocle, avevano sviluppato la pratica dell'osservazione empírica trasformandola in un método di ricerca scientífico), infine Anassagora. Più ampio è ovviamente lo spazio dedicato a Platone: nella sezione a lui dedicata, Lau affronta in successione il tema dell'analogia come principio strutturale ontologico (presente nel Timeo ) e corne forma di pensiero, la questione dei concetti di somiglianza (che il filosofo introduce in contesti diversi—la lingua, la política, la religione) e di omonimia, il problema del rapporto tra lingua e realtà (la relazione fra le parole...

Reviews Carlo Franco, Elio Aristide e Smirne (Roma: Bardi Editore 2005) (Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Anno CDU - 2005, Classe di Scienze Morali, Storiche e Filologiche. Memorie, serie IX - vol. XIX - fase. 3, pp. 345-584). La monografía di Carlo Franco costituisce il riuscito tentativo di tracciare un profilo storico della città di Smyrna, odierna Izmir, nel II secolo d.C., attraverso l'opera superstite del retore microasiatico di lingua greca Elio Aristide, che in questa città trascorse lunghi anni della propria vita, partecipando attivamente alia política cittadina, insegnandovi l'arte oratoria e impegnandosi in delicate quanto prestigióse relazioni diplomatiche. Come testimoniano le concessioni di importanti riconoscimenti pubblici a personalitá di spicco di quella che va sotto il nome di Seconda Sofistica, la città di Smirne si propose in età impériale come uno dei centri principali dello studio e dell'insegnamento della retorica. Basta sfogliare anche super­ ficialmente le Vitae Sophistarum di Flavio Filostrato per rendersi conto del numero e delFimportanza dei sofisti legati a questa città (Nicete, Scopeliano, Polemone), e della quantità di aneddoti e vicende in essa ambientad aventi come argomento le declamazioni e l'attività dei retori. Data la capacità di attrarre intellettuali da tutto il mondo di lingua ellenica, Smirne fu a lungo in competizione con gli altri due epicentri della produzione sofistica, le città rivali di Pergamo ed Efeso. Il lavoro di Franco mette bene in luce come Elio Aristide rappresenti un terreno privilegiato per lo studio delle vicende smirnee, soprattutto alia luce del suo impegno per la richiesta di finanziamenti all'Imperatore all'indomani del catastrófico terremoto che colpï la polis asiatica nel 178 circa. Nei discorsi che corrispondono aile orazioni 17—21 delFedizione Keil, Aristide fornisce, della città, una rappresentazione indagata da Franco sia sulla base delle rególe interne al genere retorico, sia attraverso il confronto con altri testi e con dati archeologici, numismatici ed epigrafici. La struttura del libro e Forganizzazione dell'esposizione non sono privi di interesse. Dopo una breve Premessa (pp. 349-50) su cui tornero in conclusione , Franco introduce il proprio lavoro (pp· 351—60) anticipando quanto argomentato nei singoli capitoli, senza nascondere la consapevolezza che la propria metodología si confronta con una serie di problemi paradigmatiRhetorica , Vol. XXVI, Issue 1, pp. 85-95, ISSN 0734-8584, electronic ISSN 15338541 . ©2008 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights re­ served. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI. 10.1525/RH.2008.26.1.85. 86 RHETORICA ci per qualsiasi tentativo di ricostruzione dei contesti dell'eloquenza in età impériale. Le poche pagine (356-60) dedicate alio status quaestionis della ricerca contemporánea sulla Seconda Sofistica mostrano una conoscenza approfondita delle diverse conclusioni a cui sono giunti gli studi recenti, e anticipano in parte ció che verrà affermato nel corso del lavoro e ripreso a conclusione neU'Epz’/ogo (pp. 525-29). Il rapporto Aristide-Smirne—presentato giustamente da Franco senza pretesa di esemplarità, pur nel suo indubbio interesse—viene indagato come fenómeno in cui sono ampiamente osservabili complesse questioni quali i rapporti tra intellettuali e potere nella Roma impériale e tra centro e periferia dell'impero, e quali il ruolo specifico dei retori nelle relazioni tra le città greche e Roma. Contrapponendosi a un filone interpretativo che tende a svalutare il peso dei retori e delle declamazioni in siffatto contesto {in primis Peter A. Brunt), Franco afferma la necessità, per un'adeguata conoscenza dei processi storici concernenti le grandi questioni appena menzionate, di uno studio dei testi della Seconda Sofistica che miri a individuare in essi gli elementi propriamente storici espressi attraverso la trasfigurazione idealizzante (e ideológica) típica della retorica dell'elogio e radicata nella relazione col destinatario del discorso e col suo orizzonte d'attesa. Secondo una proposta di rappresentazione formulata da Laurent Pernot a cui Franco espressamente si richiama, la spécificité di ogni singólo discorso—e quindi i riferimenti contestuali che maggiormente interessano questo studio su Aristide e Smirne—puo essere concepita come l...

This essay inquires into the meaning and usage of eikos, an important term in early Greek rhetorical theory Based on a survey of 394 uses of the verb eoika (of which eikos is the neuter perfect participle) in texts ranging from Homer to Isocrates, it argues that the traditional translation of eikos as "probability" is in some ways misleading. Specifically, the essay proposes: 1) that "to be similar" is the core meaning of eoika, 2) that all other senses of eoika can be seen as extensions of the "similarity" sense, 3) that the "befittingness" sense of eikos continued to be of great importance in the early Attic orators, and 4) that the sense of eikos as that which is befitting or socially expected, and the sense of eikos as that which is verisimilar, work in tandem in the "profiling" strategy of some eikos arguments.

Book Review| November 01 2007 Review: The Language of Democracy: Political Rhetoric in the United States and Britain, 1790-1900, by Andrew W. Robertson The Language of Democracy: Political Rhetoric in the United States and Britain, 1790-1900 by Andrew W. Robertson. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005. xix + 264 pp. Rhetorica (2007) 25 (4): 439–441. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.439 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: The Language of Democracy: Political Rhetoric in the United States and Britain, 1790-1900, by Andrew W. Robertson. Rhetorica 1 November 2007; 25 (4): 439–441. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.439 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © The International Society for the History of Rhetoric2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| November 01 2007 Review: Health and the Rhetoric of Medicine, by Judy Z.Segal Health and the Rhetoric of Medicine by Judy Z. Segal. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Pres, 2005. 208 pp. Rhetorica (2007) 25 (4): 442–443. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.442 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Health and the Rhetoric of Medicine, by Judy Z.Segal. Rhetorica 1 November 2007; 25 (4): 442–443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.442 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © The International Society for the History of Rhetoric2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Abstract This paper analyses Demosthene' self-fashioning in the Philippic cycle as rhetorical process, focussing crucially on the role of foresight as constituent of symbouleutic authority and justification for his uncompromising political line. To legitimate his role as adviser, Demosthenes needed continually to proclaim his own competence. In the early days and before Philip was a major issue, Demosthenes constructs his foresight through “entechnic” arguments based on probability. Over time, self-referential passages that invoke his own prior interventions become notable sites of quasi-“atechnic” self-justification. These are further enhanced by a group of mutually reinforcing images that articulate the need for prudent foresight.

Book Review| November 01 2007 Review: Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, by Hugh Blair Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres by Hugh Blair. Edited by Linda Ferreira-Buckley and S. Michael Halloran. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005. Rhetorica (2007) 25 (4): 444–446. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.444 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, by Hugh Blair. Rhetorica 1 November 2007; 25 (4): 444–446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.444 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © The International Society for the History of Rhetoric2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Abstract This essay examines linguistic and contextual features to understand Anne Askew's ironic performances, her positioning in rhetorical history, and her texts' persuasive power. While Askew's tactical irony has been studied as silence, resistance, and protest, this essay shows that she uses irony to undermine the communicative event and to initiate discourse without committing to cooperative communication for all audiences involved. I argue that Askew's performances are best accounted for as relevant-inappropriateness, and that a close examination of embedded features in her discourse helps us view Early Modern women's performances as inventive and productive rather than patriarchal or anti-patriarchal.

Book Review| November 01 2007 Review: Rhetoric and Renaissance Culture, by Heinrich F. Plett Rhetoric and Renaissance Culture by Heinrich F. Plett. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2004. 581 pp. Rhetorica (2007) 25 (4): 435–439. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.435 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Review: Rhetoric and Renaissance Culture, by Heinrich F. Plett. Rhetorica 1 November 2007; 25 (4): 435–439. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.435 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © The International Society for the History of Rhetoric2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.