Avoiding Litigation for Product Instructions and Warnings

Jeff Todd Texas State University

Abstract

The plaintiff suing for injuries arising from a product with allegedly defective instructions or warnings has the burden of proving each of the elements for every cause of action asserted, while the defendant prevails by defeating just one element for each cause of action. Technical communicators can increase their legal literacy by learning the elements that are most easily defeated and thereby avoid subjecting their product instructions and warnings to litigation. This article surveys the existing scholarship to show the need for more attention to legal terms, theory, and practice before explaining how lawyers approach litigation. The article then turns to each of the main causes of action—the functional approach of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability , negligence, and breach of express warranty and misrepresentation—with an emphasis upon the elements that are most within the control of the technical communicator.

Journal
Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
Published
2014-10-01
DOI
10.2190/tw.44.4.d
CompPile
Search in CompPile ↗
Open Access
Closed
Topics
Export

Citation Context

Cited by in this index (2)

  1. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  2. Technical Communication Quarterly

References (59) · 14 in this index

  1. Writing and Technique
  2. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  3. Textual Dynamics of the Professions: Historical and Contemporary Studies of Writing in Pr…
  4. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  5. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
Show all 59 →
  1. Journal of Business and Technical Communication
  2. Ethics in Technical Communication: A Critique and Synthesis
  3. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  4. Journal of Business and Technical Communication
  5. Technical Communication Quarterly
  6. A Rhetoric of Warning Defects
    South Texas Law Review
  7. Reading the Product: Warnings, Disclaimers, and Literary Theory
    Yale Journal of Law and Humanities
  8. 10.2190/SGC
  9. Restatement (Second) of Torts
  10. Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability
  11. Preface: Products Liability: Litigation Trends on the Tenth Anniversary of the Third Rest…
    The Review of Litigation
  12. Selected Federal Tort Reform and Restatement Proposals Through the Lenses of Corrective J…
    Georgia Law Review
  13. Inadequate Product Warnings and Causation
    University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
  14. Taking Behavioralism Seriously: A Response to Market Manipulation
    Roger Williams University Law Review
  15. Fairness and Utility in Products Liability: Balancing Individual Rights and Social Welfare
    Florida State University Law Review
  16. The Law of Torts
  17. 10.1177/0021943603259582
  18. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication
  19. Civil Procedure
  20. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (2013).
  21. The Duty to Warn in Products Liability: Contours and Criticism
    West Virginia Law Review
  22. Brown v. Sears Roebuck & Co. 667 P.2d 750 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1983).
  23. Plante v. Hobart Corp. 771 F.2d 617 (1st Cir. 1985).
  24. Phillips v. Ogle Aluminum Furniture Inc. 235 P.2d 857 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1951).
  25. Brown v. General Motors Corp. 355 F.2d 814 (4th Cir. 1966).
  26. Cotton v. Buckeye Gas Products Co. 840 F.2d 935 (D.C. Cir. 1988).
  27. Restatement (Third) of Torts: Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm
  28. Resolving the Dilemma of Nonjusticiable Causation in Failure-to-Warn Litigation
    Southern California Law Review
  29. 15 United States Code Annotated §§ 2051–2082 (2013).
  30. Code of Federal Regulations Title 16 Parts 1500 et seq. 1700 et seq. (2013).
  31. Proving Negligence in Modern Products Liability Litigation
    Arizona State Law Journal
  32. Geyer v. City of Logansport 370 N.E.2d 333 (Ind. 1977).
  33. The Poetics and Ethics of Negligence
    California Western Law Review
  34. Ford v. Trident Fisheries Co. 122 N.E. 389 (Mass. 1919).
  35. United States v. Carroll Towing Co. 159 F.2d 169 (2d Cir. 1947).
  36. Brotherhood Shipping Co. v. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. 985 F.2d 323 (7th Cir. 1993).
  37. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  38. Tort Law Is State Law: Why Courts Should Distinguish State and Federal Law in Negligence-…
    American University Law Review
  39. Products Liability Law
  40. Uniform Commercial Code (1987).
  41. Baxter v. Ford Motor Co. 12 P.2d 409 (Wash. 1932).
  42. Baxter v. Ford Motor Co. 35 P.2d 1090 (Wash. 1934).
  43. Legal and Practical Considerations for the Creation of Warning Labels and Instruction Books
    Journal of Products Liability
  44. Cipollone v. Ligget Group Inc. 505 U.S. 504 (1992).
  45. Altria Group Inc. v. Good 128 S. Ct. 538 (2008).
  46. Wyeth v. Levin 129 S. Ct. 1187 (2009).
  47. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  48. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  49. The Poetics and Ethics of Negligence
    California Western Law Review
  50. The Rhetoric of Recognition
    McGeorge Law Review
  51. A Rhetoric of Warning Defects
    South Texas Law Review
  52. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  53. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication
  54. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication