Reviews Kathleen S. Lamp. A City of Marble. The Rhetoric of Augustan Rome. South Carolina, 2013. 208 pp. ISBN 9781611172775 What is the relationship between rhetoric, both spoken and visual, and ci\'ic participation in Augustan Rome? A City of Marble. The Rhetoric of Augustan Rome, attempts to address this question, beginning in the intro­ duction by examining Augustus' Famous assertion that he "entered Rome a city of brick and left it a citv of marble". The study goes on to examine how visual displays function themselves as a form of persuasion that, in Augustus' case, helped him to win and maintain power. Her argument is that Augustan culture was heavilv influenced bv rhetorical theory, which in turn "guided ci\ ic participation and rhetorical practice" (p. 5), and fur­ ther, that the synthesis of rhetoric to image and politics in so sweeping a manner was a central aspect of Augustus' accomplishment. The first chapter surveys Rome's "rhetorical situation" upon Augustus' assumption of sole command. One of the conundrums Augustus faced was how to maintain the goodwill of those he governed. Lamp asserts (p. 13) that Augustus' attempts to gain acceptance were rhetorical from the standpoint that "thev represented a tvpe of persuasive communication between the peo­ ple and the government about the workings of the state". A significant part of his rhetorical strategy7 was his reliance on various mythological traditions such as those of Aeneas, Romulus, and of the monarchy and its demise. Chapter two ("Seeing Rhetorical Theory") argues that the ancient theory of rhetoric broadened under the empire to include other literary genres beyond oratorv, including non-traditional forms of media not usually associated with rhetoric, including coins, monuments, and city planning. The chapter inclu­ des a good discussion of the relationship between the visual and memory in rhetorical theorists, focusing on Quintilian and Cicero who clearly associ­ ated the two, and who, in addition, addressed the role of monuments and urban spaces in creating collective public memory. The next chapter ("The Augustan Political Myth") builds on the first two, and starts with a close examination of the Ara Pads as a piece of Augustan rhetoric, examining how it constructed myth and memory in Augustan Rome. She argues that the altar used conventions of rhetoric that were roughly analogous to those expounded in the rhetorical theories of Cicero and Quintilian with a view to addressing its audience. Chapter four Rhetorica, Vol. XXXIII, Issue 4, pp. 431-442. ISSN: 0734-8584, electronic ISSN: 1533-8541. C 2016 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press s Reprints and Permissions web page, http://www.ucpress.edu/joumals.php7p—reprints. DOI: 10.1525/rh.2015.33.4.431. 432 RHETORICA ("Let Us Now Praise Great Men") similarly examines the Forum of Augustus and its rhetorical function; the chapter begins with a discussion of Isocrates theory of rhetoric that argued against the use of visual media or static representative forms of rhetoric, such as statuary. Of course, this is precisely what Augustus' forum was - a monument that employed a permanent, visual record intended to educate the audience in a particular set of values with a view to imitation, something that had a long-standing tradition in Rome, particularly with the use of funerary images. The chapter concludes with an interesting discussion of how the rhetoric of the forum itself parallels its function as an administrative and judicial center where oratory would be practiced. Lamp then turns in chapter five ("Coins, Material Rhetoric, and Circu­ lation") to the dissemination of the Augustan political myth. She traces, via the numismatic record, the creation of that myth, but further argues that it evolved over time, noting that the coins issued at the end of his reign indi­ cate a popular acceptance of that myth. She focuses on three aspects of Augustus' program prior to 13 BC: pietas, succession, and the trifecta of peace, victory, and prosperity. In the numismatic record after 9 BC we find emblems designed to emphasize Augustus' pietas and his role as poutifex maximus, while she notes that prior to...

Reviews 437 proposta d identificazione dell autore di questa declamazione con uno dei piu importanti maestri di retorica del tempo: Mario Vittorino. Conformemente ai criteri delle Edizioni dell'Universita di Cassino, entrambi i volumi propongono delle traduzioni che combinano felicemente limpidezza espressiva e riproduzione delle peculiaritá dello stile declamato­ rio, spesso aspro ed ellittico. Entrambi propongono poi un apparato biblio­ gráfico ricco e di grande ntilita, aggiornato al 2013. Si tratta nel complesso di due opere che riescono a coniugare con grande armonía la ricchezza e profonditá del commento filológico con una puntúale trattazione e contestualizzazione anche di problematiche di carattere piu generale. L'argomentazione e sempre esaustiva e di grande chiarezza . Grazie a queste doti tanto il Matheniaticus curato da Stramaglia, quanto il Sepulcnini incantation curato da Schneider risultano al tempo stesso un prezioso strumento di lavoro per gli specialisti e un valido mezzo di diffusione delle declamazioni presso un pubblico studentesco purtroppo ancora raramente sensibilizzato verso questo tipo di testi. Ai i ssandra Rolle, Université de Lausanne James Crosswhite, Deep Rhetoric: Philosophy, Reason, Violence, Justice, Wisdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. Pp. 424. Cloth $105.00, paper $35.00 ISBhf(paper) 9780226016481 There is a narrative that portrays rhetoric as an often-maligned theory of human discourse, educational regime, and practice. It is a superficial narra­ tive that has been under increasing assault since the new rhetoric's birth dur­ ing the 1920s and 30s. I. A. Richards and Kenneth Burke began the revision with novel conceptions of rhetoric as a social practice; Richard McKeon, Henry W. Johnstone, Ch. Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, and Ernesto Grassi advanced it in mid-century with reflections on rhetoric as at the core of philosophy (or philosophy of a certain sort); by late century John Poulakos and Takis Poulakos, among others, were rebuffing the subjugation of rhetoric to philosophy with an aesthetic interpretation based on a recuperation of the elder sophists' vision; and in this century scholars such as Diane Davis and Thomas Rickert continue the assault with formulations that carry rhetoric beyond the human and into such domains as the ambience of materiality. Although these thinkers conceptualize the new rhetoric from divergent start­ ing points and in different frames, they share a common desire to disclose what lies beneath a facile rendition of rhetoric as mere persuasion, namely its abiding centrality to what makes us human. This is the animus of James Crosswhite's Deep Rhetoric. Beginning with the observation that "we are rhe­ torical beings, and through rhetoric we give ways of being to each other and receive them from each other" (p. 17), Crosswhite seeks to understand how ordinary rhetoric, whereby we seek to influence and provide direction, assu­ mes a world with "dimensions of rhetoric that allow individuals, societies, 438 RHETORICA human activities, and the world itself to take place—and so brings the very possibility of philosophy and science into its realm" (p. 17). This is the realm of deep rhetoric, a realm that plumbs the depth of what makes us human and aligns with a transcendent aspiration of the new rhetoricians that by striving to understand rhetoric as an intellectual, educational, political, and social pur­ suit we will come to better understand the human condition. Deep Rhetoric has as its subtitle a list of terms that serve as its organizing discussions: Philosophy, Reason, Violence, Justice, Wisdom. These are not ran­ dom choices. At its core, Crosswhite's book is concerned with the central problem that has been to the fore of rhetorical thought since World War I: overcoming through public argument the quest by power to gain a monopoly on violence and to use its monopoly to dominate others. Deep Rhetoric seeks a worldly stance open to and that opens the possibihty for transcending the narrow logoi of instrumental rationality, logoi constituting the calculus of a system logic that dehumanizes others by excluding those dimensions of pathos and ethos that make humanity and community possible. The book opens with a consideration of what deep rhetoric means. Crosswhite draws contrasts between historicist views that position rhetoric in terms of its origins at a specific time and under specific conditions, such as...

I argue that Philip’s speech was a central point of contention in the debate ox er the Peace of Philocrates and in the legal struggle between Demosthenes and Aeschines that followed it. The ambassadors supportive of the peace praised Philip’s speaking ability as part of his philhellenism; in his defense speech as well Aeschines emphasized Philip’s rhetorical knowledge in order to show the openness of the contest between the king and the ambassadors. Demosthenes, on the other hand, rejected the king’s ability to speak. In so doing, he elevated his own role as the only orator capable of penetrating Philip’s silence. For both Aeschines and Demosthenes, their characterizations of Philip’s speech were crucial to their self-presentations as orators.

440 RHETORIC A and justice. It offers an aspirational vision for the new rhetoric that has been unfolding for nearly a century. Hannah Arendt famously wrote of the human condition as in the world. Crosswhite's project embraces her vision as synonymous with the deep insight into the human condition that is offered by a philosophical rhetoric and the world its insights might instigate. Gerard A. Hauser University of Colorado Boulder Quentin Skinner, Forensic Shakespeare (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014), 368 pp. ISBN: 978-0199558247 Quentin Skinner last devoted a monograph to theories of rhetoric almost twenty years ago, in his Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy ofHobbes (1996). Forensic Shakespeare is in the same vein, deviating from the attention Skinner gives to republican liberty in his two more recent works (Liberty Before Liberalism, 1997 and Hobbes and Republican Liberty, 2008). Those look­ ing for further commentary on these themes within the scope of the history of political thought will not find it here; it is not Skinner's purpose. Forensic Shakespeare at no point treads this familiar ground of the history of political thought; the analysis, however, remains thoroughly within the realm of intellectual history. There are questions literary scholars might be keen to ask of this book, especially related to interpretation and theatrical staging, but Skinner makes clear from the outset that these are outside his remit. He is interested in what he calls "explanation" rather than "interpretation", in treating Shakespeare's works as historical texts, open to the sort of histor­ ical analysis Skinner is known for. The central claim of the book is that "among Shakespeare's plays there are several in which the dramaturgy is extensively drawn from clas­ sical and Renaissance treatises on judicial rhetoric" (p. 1). Skinner's focus is on two periods in Shakespeare's career - between 1594 and 1600, and between the summer of 1603 and the beginning of 1605 - covering plays such as Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, and Othello. These, especially Hamlet and those belonging to the Jacobean period, Skinner sug­ gests can be referred to as Shakespeare's "forensic plays" for their use of the rules and styles of forensic rhetoric - the rhetoric of the courtroom. This should immediately resonate with any reader familiar with these plays; the climax of the plot often involves a court scene in which the guilt of characters is disputed, whether in the courtroom of The Merchant of Venice or the tomb of Romeo and Juliet. But the question of why Shakespeare turns to forensic rhetoric in these periods of his career is a question that Skinner leaves open. As he 'states in his introduction, he intends this book as a foundational one - he will argue that Shakespeare was using these rhetorical sources in his plays, any further questions or conclusions are left for future studies. Reviews 441 Aftei a shoi t inti eduction, setting out his purpose, giving fulsome acknowledgement to the existing literature on the subject, and establishing his methodological boundaries, Skinner opens with a description of the clas­ sical rhetorical tiadition in Shakespeare s England, giving a thorough over­ view on the topic for those not otherwise familiar with it. Already Skinner begins to hint at Shakespeare's deviation from such traditional rhetorical norms, a topic to which he returns in the final pages of the book. This first chapter almost stands alone as a useful introduction to the revival, teaching and debates of classical rhetoric in Renaissance England, and is of itself demonstrative of Skinner's rich knowledge of the topic. The second chapter introduces the forensic plays, which are distin­ guished from the rest of Shakespeare's work in their focus on the forensic yem/s of rhetoric. Skinner makes the tantalizing suggestion that "Shakes­ peare is interested at most stages of his literary career in the full range of distinctively rhetorical utterance" (p. 48), but focuses on Shakespeare's use of forensic rhetoric in this selection of plays, leaving space for a study of Shakespeare and his engagement with the other two types of rhetoric - epideictic and deliberative, both which have a strong relationship with the political. The remaining chapters explore the parts of...

Reviews 433 The study is in general good, but not without some flaws and omis­ sions. For example, in chapter one she asserts with little argument that Augustus sought to associate himself with Servius and his reforms in partic­ ular. Her short history of rhetoric under Augustus relies too much on Tacitus' Dialogits and on relatively later sources, (Cassius Dio and Quintilian), omitting Seneca the Elder and Seutonius' lives of famous rhetoricians that bring us closer to Augustus. She asserts in chapter two that history started to become recognized as a rhetorical theory under Augustus, something already clearly understood by Cicero (one thinks of his letter to Lucceius, Ad fanuliares 5.12). Chapter three relies too much on Ann Vasaly and not enough on other scholarship (e.g. Catherine Edwards, Mary Jaeger, and Andrew Feldherr to cite a few) who look at Rome as a "text", and the chapter seems to make a conclusion long since established - that the city could be read as such. Indeed, it seems to me a general flaw of the book that the biblio­ graphy is frequently jejune, while the study itself covers a good deal of ter­ ritory that has already' been traversed. Still, Kathleen Lamp's study will help us to rethink the connections between the visual and the rhetorical during this crucial epoch. Steve Rutledge, Sheridan, Oregon [Quintiliano], L'astrologo (Declamazioni maggiori, 4), a cura di Antonio Stramaglia. Cassino : Edizioni dell'Università degli Studi di Cassino, 2013,251 pp. ISBN 9788883170713, e [Quintilien], Le tombeau ensorcelé, (Grandes déclamations, 10), a cura di Catherine Schneider. Cassino: Edizioni delTUniversità degli Studi di Cassino, 2013, 359 pp. ISBN 9788883170683 1 volumi 4 e 10 delle Declamazioni maggiori, rispettivamente curati da A. Stramaglia e C. Schneider, usciti nel maggio 2013 per le Edizioni dell'Università di Cassino, si iscrivono all'interno di un progetto internazionale di traduzione e commento delle diciannove Maiores che raggiunge cosi un totale di undid tomi pubblicati. Entrambi i volumi presentano la stessa struttura, comune a tutta la serie. Nell'introduzione è esposto in modo sintético lo sviluppo dell'argomentazione di ciascun discorso e sono analizzate le principali caratteristiche delle diverse parti in cui si articola. Seguono poi considerazioni generali sulla lingua e sullo stile, e quindi ipotesi sulla datazione e riflessioni sulla fortuna. Successivamente viene proposto il testo latino affiancato da traduzione, in italiano in un caso e in francese nell'altro, e corredato da un ricco apparato di note critiche e di commento. Per entrambi i volumi, il testo latino assunto come base è quello dell edizione teubneriana curata da Hâkanson nel 1982, ma in numerosi passi entrambi gli studiosi se ne discostano, sempre segnalandolo e dandone dovuto conto nelle note di commento. Nella Declamazione maggiore 4 Stramaglia 434 RHETORICA introduce anche una suddivisione degli ampi capitoli dell'edizione critica di Hâkanson in paragrafi di più breve estensione: questa mise en page del testo risulta particolarmente utile per il reperimento e la citazione dei passi. La Declamazione maggiore 4, curata da Stramaglia, è incentrata sul tema dell'astrologia. Si tratta di un discorso pronunciato da un vir fortis che chiede alio Stato, come ricompensa per i suoi atti di valore, il permesso di suicidarsi senza essere per questo condannato a restare privo di sepoltura, secondo quanto previsto dalla legge. La sua decisione deriva dalla volontà di contrastare una funesta profezia fatta da un astrólogo prima délia sua nascita e secondo la quale, dopo essere diventato un eroe di guerra per la sua patria, si sarebbe macchiato di parricidio. L'azione giudiziaria nasce dalLopposizione del padre alla richiesta del figlio. Questa controversia è caratterizzata da un sapiente equilibrio tra terni declamatori tradizionali (contrasto padre-figlio; motivo del parricidio; figura del vir fortis e suo diritto a scegliere la propria ricompensa) e motivi (almeno per noi) più originali, corne il rilievo dato appunto alla temática délia astrologia. Nell'Introduzione Stramaglia nota in particolare corne la scelta del soggetto principale si presenti quale un'evidente concessione a gusti declamatori moderni, anche se poi la declamazione resta rigorosa­ mente « classica » nel suo sviluppo e nella sua articolazione. Se infatti il rilievo dato all'astrologia non avrebbe certo incontrato il plauso...

Chaucer’s Wife of Bath’s Tale has been well-mined for feminist and psychological issues but less criticism has analyzed the rhetorical techniques informing the wyf’s bedside harangue to the knight. These are shown to echo that of Lady Philosophy to Boethius in Chaucer’s Boece; close reading of the lecture reveals a patterning on Boece, particularly evinced in the similarities between Lady Philosophy and the foul wife, in the matches in argumentation and rhetorical devices, and in the harangue’s emphasis on power and obedience. Whether meant seriously or to humorously imitate scholastic debate, the foul wife’s questio suggests new questions about Chaucer’s intentions and purposes in the tale. 6633 words.

Cominciando dall'intrigante, per il lettore, descrizione del locale del prime Discorso, il De vulgari eloquentia di Dante Alighieri (c. 1304–1305) conduce chi lo legge attraverso una serie di ambigui commenti sui luoghi e spazi (curia, aula) legati al vemacolo illustre. Questo crea nuovi spazi linguistici nell'immaginazione del lettore: cammini paralleli del pensiero, congetture, suspence. Il presente saggio intende sostenere che l'affermazione e susseguente negazione – o denarrazione – dei luoghi, piu o meno concreti, trasferisce la discussione di Dante, e ugualmente la lingua discussa, in uno spazio più astratto, dove la formalizzazione del volgare, o vernacolo illustre, si realizza.

Current histories of rhetoric neglect the early Christian period (ca. 30–430 CE) in several crucial ways-Augustine is overemphasized and made to serve as a summary of Christian thought rather than an endpoint, the texts of church fathers before 300 CE are neglected or lumped together, and the texts of the New Testament are left unexamined. An alternative outline of early Christian rhetoric is offered, explored through the angles of political self-invention, doctrinal ghostwriting, apologetics, and fractured sermonization. Early Christianity was not a monolithic religion that eventually made peace with classical rhetoric, but as a rhetorical force in its own right, and comprised of more factions earlv on than just the apostolic church.

Modern readers have been baffled by the combination of legal, dramatic, and theological elements in the 14th century Processus Sathanae, a mock trial drama in which the devil’s advocate and the Virgin Mary employ various Roman law concepts in a courtroom debate regarding the devil’s claim that he was wrongfully dispossessed of humanity. This article examines the Processus Sathanae along with an early source of the drama in a Marcionite creation dialogue and argues that by foregrounding equitable and emotional appeals the drama taught late medieval law students important lessons regarding legal oratory during a crucial period in the development of European jurisprudence.

Depuis quelques années, les études sur Henri III tentent de rétablir l'image du dernier Valois. On oublie souvent que Henri III a tenté de redorer le blason de la France, notamment par le mécénat des arts, des sciences et des lettres. Mais malgré des efforts soutenus pour rétablir la paix, Henri le «bien disant», dont l'éloquence est remarquée autant par ses contemporains que par ses adversaires, est pourtant incapable de réconcilier les parties et de rassembler ses sujets sous son autorité. Cette étude aborde les stratégies éthiques et pathétiques dans les lettres de Henri III jusqu'en 1582 où il vit une véritable crise intérieure qui se traduit par une conversion religieuse et un goût prononcé pour la dévotion. Qu'elles soient diplomatiques ou destinées à des familiers, les lettres du dernier Valois manifestent dorénavant son repentir et son besoin de pénitence. Homme de contrastes, pour ne pas dire de contradictions, Henri III épistolier présente au monde l'image de l'autorité souveraine aussi bien que celle du prince dévot. Les lettres du roi révèlent un épistolier conscient de l'importance de présenter l'image d'une autorité royale préoccupée par le bien-être de son peuple et soucieux de calmer les dissensions religieuses au sein de son royaume.

L'édition du recueil de harangues militaires que François de Belleforest fit paraître en 1572 propose la version française, augmentée de plusieurs textes récents, de l'original italien de Remigio Nannini. Or, la compilation, traduction et réécriture des exemples narratifs puisés à même une belle variété de textes antiques et contemporains, ne constituent guère des procédés inhabituels dans l'activité du polygraphe commingeois. Pendant les dernières années du règne de Charles IX en effet, Belleforest multiplie les publications d'œuvres historiques, tendance qui relève vraisemblablement d'une visée à caractère pédagogique et dont l'initiative ne se limite pas à la production de textes narratifs, sources d'enseignements pratiques et moraux, mais embrasse également les procédés de la persuasion délibérative et de la diplomatie. L'importante introduction qu'il attache à son texte livre une explication lumineuse sur cette opération didactique. Au lieu de proposer au lecteur qui souhaite se former à l'éloquence officielle une collection de préceptes abstraits, le compilateur lui offre une matière digne de susciter son admiration, voire un modèle à contempler. En mettant ainsi en valeur cette matière copieuse comme un véritable objet d'étude, Belleforest se rapproche de Quintilien qui conseille à l'orateur apprenti d'examiner plusieurs discours de grands orateurs saisis dans leur contexte originel. Afin d'orienter son lecteur studieux, il évoque dans l'introduction le principe ancien de l'evidentia, hérité de l'Institution oratoire, selon lequel il s'agit de mettre devant les yeux des auditeurs une image claire et détaillée, et dont l'objet privilégié demeure justement le récit historique.

Book Review| August 01 2015 Review: Caesar's De Analogia. Edition, Translation, and Commentary, by Alessandro Garcea Alessandro Garcea, Caesar's De Analogia. Edition, Translation, and Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), xiv+304 p. ISBN 9780199603978 Ermanno Malaspina Ermanno Malaspina (Société Internationale des Amis de Cicéron) Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Via S. Ottavio 20 10100 Torino - Italy committee@tulliana.eu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (3): 324–327. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.324 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ermanno Malaspina; Review: Caesar's De Analogia. Edition, Translation, and Commentary, by Alessandro Garcea. Rhetorica 1 August 2015; 33 (3): 324–327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.324 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| August 01 2015 Review: Les sententiae dans les tragédies de Sénèque, by Pascale Paré-Rey Pascale Paré-Rey, Flores et acumina. Les sententiae dans les tragédies de Sénèque, Lyon, Collection d'Études et de Recherches sur l'Occident Romain, 2012, 432 pp. ISBN 9782904974434 Isabelle David Isabelle David Université Paul Valéry-Montpellier 3 Route de Mende 34 199 Montpellier Cedex 5 France isabelle.david13@wanadoo.fr Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (3): 327–330. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.327 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Isabelle David; Review: Les sententiae dans les tragédies de Sénèque, by Pascale Paré-Rey. Rhetorica 1 August 2015; 33 (3): 327–330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.327 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Research Article| August 01 2015 Henri III à l’école de la rhétorique: Liminaire Roxanne Roy Roxanne Roy Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR) Département des lettres et humanités 300, allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300 Rimouski (Québec) Canada G5L 3A1 roxanne_roy@uqar.ca Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (3): 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.223 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roxanne Roy; Henri III à l’école de la rhétorique: Liminaire. Rhetorica 1 August 2015; 33 (3): 223–229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.223 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| August 01 2015 Review: Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric, by Rachel Ahern Knudsen Rachel Ahern Knudsen, Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. 230 pp. ISBN 9781421412269 Richard Leo Enos Richard Leo Enos Department of English Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas 76129 USA r.enos@tcu.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (3): 322–324. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.322 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard Leo Enos; Review: Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric, by Rachel Ahern Knudsen. Rhetorica 1 August 2015; 33 (3): 322–324. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.322 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Souhaitant prolonger les travaux de l'Académie du Palais, peu après 1578, Henri III convia certains des orateurs à rédiger des manuels de rhétorique et d'éloquence pratique. Parmi eux, Philippe Desportes continua à occuper une place de choix. Si l'on connaît ses discours qu'il présenta à l'Académie à partir de 1576, la redécouverte à la Bibliothèque nationale de Russie (Saint-Pétersbourg) d'un manuscrit autographe de Desportes contenant 136 feuillets d'une «phraséologie oratoire» éclaire mieux sa réelle contribution au projet d'éloquence de Henri III. Ce manuscrit de belles phrases entamé en 1579, resté inachevé et inédit, vient nous rappeler que les activités des membres de l'Académie du Palais se poursuivirent au-delà de leur cadre de réunion comme pour concrétiser par écrit et mettre en pratique les fruits de leurs débats oraux.

Book Review| August 01 2015 Review: L'homme rhétorique. Culture, raison, action, by E. Danblon E. Danblon, L'homme rhétorique. Culture, raison, action, Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2013, 226 pp. ISBN 978220499264 Mauro Serra Mauro Serra Università di Salerno, Dipartimento di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy maserra@unisa.it Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (3): 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.317 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mauro Serra; Review: L'homme rhétorique. Culture, raison, action, by E. Danblon. Rhetorica 1 August 2015; 33 (3): 317–320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.317 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| August 01 2015 Review: The Theory and Practice of Life: Isocrates and the Philosophers, by Tarik Wareh Tarik Wareh, The Theory and Practice of Life: Isocrates and the Philosophers. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies. Distributed by Harvard University Press, 2012, viii + 236 pp. ISBN 9780674067134 David Depew David Depew University of Iowa Project of the Rhetoric of Inquiry (POROI). 230 North Clinton, 100 Bowman House, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA david-depew@uiowa.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (3): 320–322. https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.320 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation David Depew; Review: The Theory and Practice of Life: Isocrates and the Philosophers, by Tarik Wareh. Rhetorica 1 August 2015; 33 (3): 320–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.320 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Dans ce qui s'apparente à une missive destinée à Guy du Faur de Pibrac, orateur réputé et proche conseiller, le nouveau roi élu de Pologne réclame des leçons d’éloquence. Le présent article se propose d'analyser cette requête de manière à identifier les parties ou procédés privilégiés par Henri et de préciser ce qu'ils nous révèlent sur sa conception personnelle de l'art oratoire, sur le choix même de Pibrac comme maître de rhétorique et sur les contingences qui le poussent à vouloir s'instruire. L'accent mis sur les questions relatives au registre délibératif, plutôt que judiciaire ou épidictique, semble révélateur des priorités nettement politiques du souverain.

Cet article propose une double lecture des quatre discours sur la colère prononcés à l'Académie du Palais en présence d'Henri III en insistant sur leur visée didactique. Il s'agit de montrer comment ils mettent en œuvre une pédagogie par l'exemple qui contribue à former un monarque éloquent aussi bien qu'un prince apte à gouverner. En effet, les harangues destinées à Henri III se posent d'abord comme des modèles d'art oratoire à imiter. Elles mettent l'accent sur l'invention, la disposition, tout en faisant appel à la mémoire du prince par les vastes connaissances qui y sont convoquées. Or, ce sont justement les trois parties de la rhétorique qui relèvent d'une «éloquence royale» selon Amyot. Ensuite, par le biais des nombreux exempla historiques, les discours renvoient au Prince l'image d'un roi idéal et l'incitent à suivre cette voie. Les orateurs, tout en axant leur enseignement sur la vertu afin de former un roi juste qui gouvernera avec prudence, n'hésitent pas à prodiguer des conseils politiques au passage. Les discours sur la colère à l'usage d'Henri III favorisent donc la diffusion d'un savoir qui serait propre à la conduite de l'état et à l'art de bien dire, nous permettant, du coup, de les envisager comme étant à la fois des manuels de rhétorique et des miroirs des princes.

Dans ce qui s’apparente à une missive destinée à Guy du Faur de Pibrac, orateur réputé et proche conseiller, le nouveau roi élu de Pologne réclame des leçons d’éloquence. Le présent article se propose d’analyser cette requête de manière à identifier les parties ou procédés privilégiés par Henri et de préciser ce qu’ils nous révèlent sur sa conception personnelle de l’art oratoire, sur le choix même de Pibrac comme maître de rhétorique et sur les contingences qui le poussent à vouloir s’instruire. L’accent mis sur les questions relatives au registre délibératif, plutôt que judiciaire ou épidictique, semble révélateur des priorités nettement politiques du souverain.

Roxanne Roy Henri III à l'école de la rhétorique Liminaire H enri III régna sur la Pologne puis sur le royaume de France de 1574 à 1589. Ce monarque au caractère énigmatique a éprouvé des difficultés à contrôler son image tout au long de son règne. Ainsi que le remarque Guy Poirier, le dernier des Valois est connu surtout — et encore aujourd'hui — par la légende noire «faisant de lui ce souverain décadent entouré de ses mignons1 ». Au cours des dernières décennies, certains chercheurs ont tenté de renouveler notre compréhension du règne d'Henri III et par le fait même mis en lumière une autre facette de ce monarque, que l'on songe à la biographie historique de Pierre Chevallier intitulée Henri III roi Shakespearien*- dans laquelle l'image qu'il donne d'Henri III, loin du prince débauché totalement absorbé par ses plaisirs, est plutôt celle d'un souverain dont les multiples réformes témoignent de son réel souci pour son royaume. La thèse de l'historienne Jacqueline Boucher3, en plus de constituer une précieuse source d'informations sur les composantes sociales et culturelles de la vie de cour ainsi que sur son organisation, fait d'Henri III un roi dont les qualités intellectuelles et politiques le rendent apte à gouverner. Les récents travaux d'historiographie menés par Nicolas Le Roux4, en s'attardant Nuy Poirier, Henri III de France en mascarades imaginaires, Québec, Presses de l'université Laval, 2009, 4e de couverture. 2Pierre Chevallier, Henri III roi shakespearien, Paris, Fayard, 1985. Jacqueline Boucher, Société et mentalités autour de Henri III, Paris, Honoré Champion, 1981. Voir aussi : Jacqueline Boucher, La cour de Henri III, Rennes, Ouest France, coil. -De mémoire d'homme», 1992. Nicolas Le Roux, La faveur du roi. Mignons et courtisans au temps des derniers Valois (vers 1547-vers 1589), Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2001. Voir aussi Nicolas Le Roux, Un régicide au nom de Dieu. L'assassinat de Henri III, 1er août 1589, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Rhetorica, Vol. XXXIII, Issue 3, pp. 223-229. ISSN: 0734-8584, electronic ISSN: 1533-8541. G 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.223 224 RHETORICA aux réseaux de réciprocités et à la dynamique inhérente au système d'attribution et de retrait de la faveur royale, offrent une vision différente de la cour d'Henri III et de ses mignons. Dans une perspective alliant histoire et politique, Xavier Le Person* 5 s'attache à la culture de la dissimulation qui marque les discours et les actions politiques du roi au temps des troubles de la Ligue, en s'appuyant principalement sur des sources épistolaires ou des relations écrites au plus près des événements. Tout en restituant l'ambiance politique de la fin du XVIe siècle, il montre que le pouvoir et la puissance politique reposaient sur la force des apparences. Les articles du collectif paru sous la direction d'Isabelle de Conihout, de JeanFran çois Maillard et de Guy Poirier, posent un regard nouveau sur le règne du dernier des Valois. En s'intéressant au thème peu commun de Henri III mécène des arts, des sciences et des lettres6, ils présentent l'image d'un roi animé d'une volonté de restaurer l'unité du royaume par le protectorat culturel. Plus près de nos préoccupations, Guy Poirier s'est penché sur la façon dont la satire, la polémique, puis l'histoire et la littérature ont construit la légende noire du roi7, alors que l'ouvrage de Robert J. Sealy8, nous renseigne sur la pratique oratoire d'Henri III et les séances tenues à l'Académie du Palais. A la lecture de ces études, il semble que ce soit par le biais de...

Henri III s’sacquit, de son vivant, une enviable réputation d’orateur, au point d’être considéré par Agrippa d’Aubigné comme un roi «bien disant». Comme tout roi, il s’sen remettait bien sûr à ses officiers pour la rédaction de ses discours. Pourtant, grâce à Jacques Davy Du Perron, on sait qu’sil ne se contentait pas de reprendre fidèlement les discours écrits à son usage, mais qu’sil se faisait un point d’honneur de les approprier à «la trempe de son esprit». Or, la Bibliothèque nationale de France conserve un document d’un intérêt insoupçonné, qui illustre le rôle actif que chercha à jouer Henri III dans la mise en scène de la parole royale à la veille des États Généraux de 1576. Il s’sagit du mémoire autographe d’un discours de cinq feuillets, qui contient les idées que le roi a consignées par écrit, sans doute en octobre ou novembre, en guise de canevas de la harangue des États Généraux de 1576, destiné à Jean de Morvillier, doyen du conseil d’Etat et rédacteur du discours officiel. Cette pièce d’archive unique permet de comprendre pourquoi, lors de la seconde harangue du roi aux États Généraux en 1588, Pierre de l’Estoile s’sétonnera de la franchise un peu brutale avec laquelle Henri III mettra en garde la Ligue: c’sest que jusqu’salors il avait été un prince «dissimulé», écartelé entre son devoir de représentant de l’Etat et la subjectivité de l’individu qui incarne cet État, hiatus dont le mémoire autographe témoigne éloquemment.

Reviews 327 Il testo latino costituisce un sicuro passo avanti rispetto ai precedenti di Klotz e Funaioli, sia per l'uso di edizioni recenti e quindi di testi piú affidabili , sia per 1 ordine dei frammenti (che è giustificato ora nelFintroduzione ora nel commento), sia per gli apparati piú ricchi, la traduzione inglese e una serie di nuovi testi a supporto. Per esempio, gli ipsissima verba del F1 (Brut. 253) sono divisi come Fia e Flb, arricchiti dalla citazione indiretta di Plin. nat. 7.117 e proseguid da Brut. 258 come Fie, di cui non c'é traccia nei GRF. Infine, G. aggiunge come Fragmenta incerta 34 e 35 due citazioni grammaticali che Klotz annoverava nella produzione poética: ancora una volta, il commento puntúale giustifica la scelta e la inquadra nella riflessione di C. su genere e numero dei sostantivi. E purtroppo impossibile dar conto esaustivamente del commento, che costituisce metà dell'opera e che s'interpone tra frammento e frammento: soprattutto nelle parti piú tecniche, dalla i semplice e geminata al sonus médius e al genere e numero grammaticale, G. ha modo di esporre la sua solida dottrina sulla grammatica antica (mi piace ricordare qui anche la sua iniziativa del Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum in rete, http://htl2.linguist .jussieu.fr:8080/CGL/) a sostegno e integrazione degli scarni dati testuali. Il volume è concluso da una bibliografía delle edizioni e di quasi 700 titoli moderni (p. 257-289), dalPobbligatorio cospetto delle corrispondenze con Klotz e con i GRF, dall'indice delle fonti (in cui curiosamente il titolo dell'opera segue e non precede l'elenco dei relativi manoscritti) e da un Gen­ eral Index (p. 297-304), in cui forse sarebbe stato meglio separare nomi propri e termini notevoli (tecnicismi in greco e latino sono indicad a parte con rinvio alla voce inglese corrispondente). Si tratta in conclusione di un volume che è insieme l'edizione standard del De analogía (e lo resterà a lungo), un commento di eccezionale ricchezza e un'introduzione sistemática al dibattitto lingüístico nell'etá di Cesare. Ermanno Malaspina, Torino Pascale Paré-Rey, Flores et acumina. Les sententiae dans les tragédies de Sénèque, Lyon, Collection d'Études et de Recherches sur l'Occi­ dent Romain, 2012, 432 pp. ISBN 9782904974434 Pascale Paré-Rey propose ici une ample réflexion sur les sententiae dans le théâtre de Sénèque, dans l'intention, exposée en introduction, de réexami­ ner par ce biais deux positions qui ont longtemps eu cours dans la critique: l'œuvre dramatique de Sénèque est rhétorique, au sens péjoratif du terme; elle est porteuse d'un message philosophique stoïcien. L'auteur montre au cours de son ouvrage que la réalité est plus complexe. La démarche adoptée est annoncée dans l'introduction avec limpidité et concision, a 1 image de l'objet d'étude choisi: en trois parties, il s'agira tout d'abord de définir le plus rigoureusement possible ce qu'étaient les sententiae, à partir des traités rhétoriques gréco-latins. Dans un deuxième temps sera abordée l'étude de 328 RHETORICA la matière sentencieuse elle-même au sein de l'œuvre de Sénèque, d où sont exclues les pièces à l'authenticité contestée (Hercule sur l'Œta, Octavie): répartition des sententiae en fonction des personnages et des moments de l'action. Dans un troisième temps, la réflexion se portera sur les fonctions des sententiae. La première partie comprend trois chapitres, dont le premier propose une définition de ce que pouvait être, pour Sénèque, la sententia, à partir de la confrontation des différentes définitions qu'en ont données les traités de rhétorique. D'Aristote à Quintilien, privilégié pour des raisons de proxi­ mité chronologique avec Sénèque, le lecteur suit l'évolution de la notion. Un important constat se dégage de ce préalable théorique: à l'époque de Sénèque, le terme de sententia a le sens de pensée généralisable, héritière de la yvopr) aristot...

Cet article propose une double lecture des quatre discours sur la colère prononcés à l’Académie du Palais en présence d’Henri III en insistant sur leur visée didactique. Il s’agit de montrer comment ils mettent en oeuvre une pédagogie par l’exemple qui contribue à former un monarque éloquent aussi bien qu’un prince apte à gouverner. En effet, les harangues destinées à Henri III se posent d’abord comme des modèles d’art oratoire à imiter. Elles mettent l’accent sur l’invention, la disposition, tout en faisant appel à la mémoire du prince par les vastes connaissances qui y sont convoquées. Or, ce sont justement les trois parties de la rhétorique qui relèvent d’une «éloquence royale» selon Amyot. Ensuite, par le biais des nombreux <i>exempïa</i> historiques, les discours renvoient au Prince l’image d’un roi idéal et l’incitent à suivre cette voie. Les orateurs, tout en axant leur enseignement sur la vertu afin de former un roi juste qui gouvernera avec prudence, n’hésitent pas à prodiguer des conseils politiques au passage. Les discours sur la colère à l’usage d’Henri III favorisent donc la diffusion d’un savoir qui serait propre à la conduite de l’état et à l’art de bien dire, nous permettant, du coup, de les envisager comme étant à la fois des manuels de rhétorique et des miroirs des princes.

Souhaitant prolonger les travaux de l’Académie du Palais, peu après 1578, Henri III convia certains des orateurs à rédiger des manuels de rhétorique et d’éloquence pratique. Parmi eux, Philippe Desportes continua à occuper une place de choix. Si l’on connaît ses discours qu’il présenta à l’Académie à partir de 1576, la redécouverte à la Bibliothèque nationale de Russie (Saint-Pétersbourg) d’un manuscrit autographe de Desportes contenant 136 feuillets d’une «phraséologie oratoire» éclaire mieux sa réelle contribution au projet d’éloquence de Henri III. Ce manuscrit de belles phrases entamé en 1579, resté inachevé et inédit, vient nous rappeler que les activités des membres de l’Académie du Palais se poursuivirent au-delà de leur cadre de réunion comme pour concrétiser par écrit et mettre en pratique les fruits de leurs débats oraux.

Reviews E. Danblon, L homme rhetonque. Culture, raison, action, Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2013, 226 pp. ISBN 978220499264 Con la pubblicazione di questo bel volume, Emmanuelle Danblon (d ora in poi D.) porta a compimento (di certo provvisoriamente) un percorso di ricerca di grande coerenza ed originalité avviato con la pubblica­ zione di Rhétorique et rationalité nel 2002, recensito su questa rivista da Luigi Spina (Rhetorica, 22, 1, 2004, pp. 111-113) e di La Fonction persuasive. Anthropologie de la rhetonque nel 2005. Già una rapida scorsa ai titoli dei tre volumi (a cui bisogna aggiungere numerosi articoli ed un altro breve ma intéressante volume, Argumenter en démocratie, del 2004) permette di individuare i principad assi teorici lungo i quali si muove la riflessione della studiosa belga. Proprio a partiré dal suo esito più recente, essa puo essere preliminarmente sintetizzata nei termini seguenti. Dalla riconsiderazione della razionalità sub specie rhetoricae D. deriva una duplice conseguenza: non si tratta solo di riaffermare con forza l'intrinseca razionalità della pratica retorica quanto piuttosto di riconoscere che è proprio tale pratica a costituire il núcleo più profondo della razionalità umana. Per questo motivo è a partiré da essa che è possibile sviluppare una vera e propria antropología del linguaggio. Anche in questa formulazione sintética si puo apprezzare la portata e la novitá della tesi avanzata da D. e compiutamente articolata nel volume del 2013. Dopo aver tracciato nell'introduzione la cornice teórica alPinterno della quale si colloca la sua ricerca, nel primo capitolo D. affronta la questione delle origini della retorica. Prendendo spunto da un recente dibattito, D. individua nella duplice tesi sulla nascita della retorica il fondamento di due concezioni antagoniste della persuasione che per troppo tempo sono state pensate come mutuamente esclusive. L'origine mitica della retorica rimanda infatti alla sua natura magica e seduttiva, mentre l'origine plató­ nica accentua la dimensione del rigore dimostrativo. Per superare questa dicotomia è necessario un radicale cambiamento di prospettiva, che trova il suo fondamento in un modello naturalista della ragione umana. All'intemo di questo modello la ragione si presenta come un mosaico prodotto da una progressiva stratificazione. Ció che la tradizione ha abitualmente considerato nei termini di una opposizione, di cui la coppia ragione/ emozione è solo la formulazione più nota, va invece ripensato corne il Rhetorica, Vol. XXXIII, Issue 3, pp. 317-330. ISSN: 0734-8584, electronic ISSN: 15338541 . C 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjoumals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/rh.2015.33.3.317 318 RHETORIC A progressive) svilupparsi di una serie di elementi che nel loro insieme vanno a costituire il quadro complessivo di ció che possiamo considerare la ragione umana. La retorica in questo modello acquisisce il ruolo fondamen­ tale di passeur, poiché consente di percorrere e collegare tra di loro i diversi strati, restituendo cosí una visione piú completa e piú umana della ragione. Alia luce di queste considerazioni l'origine della retorica è reinterpretata da D. in una duplice prospettiva. Da un lato, si individua la presenza di una retorica spontanea o profonda grazie alia quale l'uomo acquisisce la capa­ cité di «tailler [le réel] à sa mesure» (p. 20). Dall'altro, nel passaggio da questa dimensione spontanea ad una dimensione propriamente técnica (avvenuto nel V sec a.C. quando la société greca è diventata una société aperta in cui era necessario deliberare) è ravvisato l'inizio di un processo mediante il quale la retorica, come recita il titolo di uno dei paragrafi del capitolo (p. 33), ha incominciato a perdere la sua anima. Di contro a questa visione impoverita ed astratta della ragione umana, si è, tuttavia, organizzata una resistenza, silenziosa e pero rianimatasi nel corso del '900, alia quale evidentemente D. intende ricollegarsi. Se la preistoria di questa resis­ tenza è individuata in Aristotele ed in particolare nella sua descrizione del phronimos, «maître en humanité», che racchiude in sé una serie di caratteristiche che sono poi state progressivamente separate, sono Vico e Nietzsche i pensatori...

L'édition du recueil de harangues militaires que François de Belleforest fit paraître en 1572 propose la version française, augmentée de plusieurs textes récents, de l'original italien de Remigio Nannini. Or, la compilation, traduction et réécriture des exemples narratifs puisés à même une belle variété de textes antiques et contemporains, ne constituent guère des procédés inhabituels dans l'activité du polygraphe commingeois. Pendant les dernières années du règne de Charles IX en effet, Belleforest multiplie les publications d'oeuvres historiques, tendance qui relève vraisemblablement d'une visée à caractère pédagogique et dont l'initiative ne se limite pas à la production de textes narratifs, sources d'enseignements pratiques et moraux, mais embrasse également les procédés de la persuasion délibérative et de la diplomatie. L'importante introduction qu'sil attache à son texte livre une explication lumineuse sur cette opération didactique. Au lieu de proposer au lecteur qui souhaite se former à l'éloquence officielle une collection de préceptes abstraits, le compilateur lui offre une matière digne de susciter son admiration, voire un modèle à contempler. En mettant ainsi en valeur cette matière copieuse comme un véritable objet d'étude, Belleforest se rapproche de Quintilien qui conseille à l'orateur apprenti d'examiner plusieurs discours de grands orateurs saisis dans leur contexte originel. Afin d'orienter son lecteur studieux, il évoque dans l'introduction le principe ancien de ï'sevidentia, hérité de l'Institution oratoire, selon lequel il s'sagit de mettre devant les yeux des auditeurs une image claire et détaillée, et dont l'objet privilégié demeure justement le récit historique.

322 RHETORICA differently in theology, mathematics, natural science, politics, ethics, poetics, and-Isocrates's home turf-rhetoric. Aristotle's Rhetoric, for example, focuses on enthymematic forms of syllogismos as appropriate responses to contin­ gent situations. It thereby contrasts with Isocrates's tendency, as Aristotle sees it, to heighten emotions by assimilating deliberative and forensic forms of public address to panoramic epideictic displays (Rhetoric I.9.1368a20-33). I trust it is not just because I am less familiar than Wareh with the fortunes of Academics and Isocrateans in the mid 340s, when Philip began to exercise hegemony over Greek poleis, that I was effortlessly drawn along by his discus­ sion of this subject in the second half of his book. I have no trouble believing that the rise of a courtly style of politics with the Macedonian ascendency had, being Macedonian, its vulgar side. Still, the translation Wareh includes of a remark­ ably sycophantic letter Plato's successor Speusippus wrote to Phillip urging him to purge his court of Isocrateans and give the Academy an exclusive lock on knowledge viewed as cultural capital makes for pretty depressing reading. Wareh sees the same tangle of intrigue in Aristotle's ties to Hermias, the tyrant of Atarnea near Lesbos. Isocrates's pleas for influence were no less attuned to court life. In fact, in the forms of address that emerged when philosophers were first turned into courtiers, Wareh concludes by showing, was born the mirror-of-princes rhetoric that gave Isocrates a rebirth in the Renaissance. David Depew University of Iowa Rachel Ahern Knudsen, Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. 230 pp. ISBN 9781421412269 Rachel Ahem Knudsen's Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric (hereafter Homeric Speech) provides a new, detailed perspective on an old debate: how ought we to regard the works of Homer when considering the beginnings of rhetoric in ancient Greece? The standard accounts of rhe­ toric's origins are represented by the traditional scholarship of George Kennedy (The Art of Persuasion in Greece, 1963) and Laurent Pemot (Rhetoric in Antiquity, 2005). These works offer the received view that, while rhetori­ cal techniques are evident in the earliest forms of extant Greek literature, the formalization of rhetoric as a disciplinary art (techne) began in the Fifth Century BCE when it was "invented" by Corax and Tisias on the island of Sicily. Current scholarship by historians of rhetoric—represented by the works of Thomas Cole (The Origins of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece, 1991) and Edward Schiappa (The Beginnings of Rhetorical Theory in Classical Greece, 1999)—have challenged traditional views on the origins of rhetoric. Cole argues that the actual founders of rhetoric are Plato and Aristotle, while Schiappa argues that the term rhetorike did not even exist until Plato created Reviews 323 the term in his dialogue Goryias (pp. 18, 19). Additionally, the traditional distinctions separating rhetoric and poetry have been reconsidered because of such excellent research as Jeffrey Walker's Rhetoric and Poetics in Antiquity (2000), a work that Knudsen "has affinities with" in support of her own views (p. 20). Knudsen's objective is clearly stated: The contention of this book is ... that Homer not only demonstrates rhetorical practice in the speech of his characters, but that the patterns of persuasion that he depicts embody, in very specific ways, the rheto­ ric identified in theoretical treatises from the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, and that reached its fullest expression in Aristotle's Rhetoric" (pp. 3-4). Knudsen presents impressive scholarship in support of her position, but the merits of her contributions have some qualifications. Knudsen presents a detailed examination of the formal speeches of the Iliad in which she reveals systematic patterns of discourse using the following rhetorical concepts: enthymeme, diathesis, ethos, gnome, paradeigma, and topics. Her findings, appearing in both her criticism and also the frequencycharts citing the use of concepts and speakers, make it clear that the formal speech passages in the Iliad demonstrate the employment of rhetorical techni­ ques throughout the work (pp. 78, 80, 82). The obvious counter-argument to Knudsen's position is that rhetoric can and is employed without a conscious application but rather...

320 RHETORICA attuali, esse non valgono certamente per il libro che Emmanuelle Danblon ci ha regalato: una ricerca coraggiosa, ricca di ipotesi originali ed innovative, all'altezza delle sfide che la modernità pone ad una disciplina che da Aristotele in poi non ha mai smesso di nutriré la cultura occidentale. Mauro Serra, Fisciano (Salerno) Tarik Wareh, The Theory and Practice of Life: Isocrates and the Philoso­ phers. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies. Distributed by Harvard University Press, 2012, viii + 236 pp. ISBN 9780674067134 The perennial contest between rhetoric and philosophy expresses itself, among other ways, in the expulsion from the potted stories these disciplines tell about themselves of authors who in their own day were thickly intertwi­ ned. The granddaddy of such expulsions is the erasure of Isocrates from the story of ancient philosophy. I blithely suppose that most teachers of Greek philosophy know who Isocrates was, if only because Plato and Aristotle both mention him (Phaedrus 279a; Rhetoric, fifteen loci). They may also know that these mentions allude to the rivalry between Academics and Isocrateans , who established competing schools in 4th century Athens. When he was young Aristotle effectively hawked the wares of the Academy in public performances that were long appreciated, by Cicero among others, for their eloquence. But no sooner do historians of philosophy mention these facts than we hear that Isocrates's advertisement of himself as a teacher of philosophia was little more than a pretentious way of differentiating himself from (other) sophists and of cutting into the Academics's (and later the Lyceum's) market. By contrast, Tarik Wareh's The Theory and Practice of Life: Isocrates and the Philosophers builds on growing appreciation of the way in which Aristotle took Isocrates's philosophia (general education achieved by imita­ tion with a view to public success in oratory and so in politics) seriously enough to incorporate Isocratean themes into his own philosophy of human things (ta anthropopina): ethics, politics, rhetoric, and poetics. The question is how deeply Aristotle transformed these themes in appropriating them. In addressing this issue Wareh is encouraged by the appearance of yet another reconstruction (from a lacunose array of fragments and testimonial of Aristotle's Protrepticus, a speech inviting prospective students to frame their lives around the love of wisdom as Academics conceived it and solicit­ ing the powers that be to support (or at least tolerate) the Academic approach to education. D. S. Hutchinson's and M. R. Johnson's edition of the Protrepticus frames the issues that divided Isocrateans and Academics by reconstructing the fragments as a dialogue-well, a set of rival speeches, anyway-between 'Isocrates,' 'Aristotle,' and a Pythagorean named 'Heraclides ' (http://www.protrepticus.info). 'Heraclides' adopts the apolitical, indeed anti-political, view of a sub-sect of Pythagoreans whom 'Aristotle' Reviews 321 identifies as 'nnithematici.' "The human creature is nothing/' he says, "and nothing is secure in human affairs ... All the things that seem great to peo­ ple are an optical illusion." From this sour perspective there is little or no difference between external goods such as wealth, health, beauty, and power and the ends of political life. Isocrates's philosophia inscribed just this difference into rhetorical practice by inducing reflective understanding of the big picture as a way of responding in a timely way to issues closer to hand. 'Aristotle's row was harder to hoe. The Academic curriculum fea­ tured high-end mathematics as propaedeutic to other studies. That is because Plato and the mathematician Eudoxus, co-founder of the Academy, regarded mathematical sciences as valuable, while, like the aristocrats they were or sympathized with, despising their practical and technical applica­ tions. They thereby seemed to ask citizens to waste their time on useless subjects that by their very nature depreciate civic life. According to Wareh, 'Aristotle' distinguishes himself from 'Heraclites' by repeating the Acade­ my's party line only' after having "stronglv assured us that his vision is inclusive of everything moral and intelligent that would generally have been credited to the Isocratean approach" (44). 'Aristotle' does recognize techne and praxis as successively developed forms of knowledge that have been nurtured by and contribute to polis life. He also realizes that the...

Depuis quelques années, les études sur Henri III tentent de rétablir 1 image du dernier Valois1. On oublie souvent que Henri III a tenté de redorer le blason de la France, notamment par le mécénat des arts, des sciences et des lettres. Mais malgré des efforts soutenus pour rétablir la paix, Henri le «bien disant», dont l’éloquence est remarquée autant par ses contemporains que par ses adversaires, est pourtant incapable de réconcilier les parties et de rassembler ses sujets sous son autorité. Cette étude aborde les stratégies éthiques et pathétiques dans les lettres de Henri III jusqu’en 1582 où il vit une véritable crise intérieure qui se traduit par une conversion religieuse et un goût prononcé pour la dévotion. Qu’elles soient diplomatiques ou destinées à des familiers, les lettres du dernier Valois manifestent dorénavant son repentir et son besoin de pénitence. I lomme de contrastes, pour ne pas dire de contradictions, Henri III épistolier présente au monde l’image de l’autorité souveraine aussi bien que celle du prince dévot. Les lettres du roi révèlent un épistolier conscient de l’importance de présenter l’image d’une autorité royale préoccupée par le bien-être de son peuple et soucieux de calmer les dissensions religieuses au sein de son royaume.

324 RHETORICA these canons of rhetoric and Aristotle's treatment of them (p. 148). Those qua­ lifications noted, what is done with the analysis of rhetoric in the Iliad is clearly impressive and a contribution. Another positive feature of Homeric Speech is the study of rhetoric in works that appear after Homer. Knudsen's treatment of Archaic poetry is a contribution that shows the use of rhetoric in poetic discourse. Her work helps us to see that the bright dividing lines that traditionally have existed between rhetoric and poetry need to be reconsidered (pp. 126, 152). It is unfortunate that Knudsen choose not to expand her study to include a more thorough examination of tragic rhetoric, sophistic speeches, and the Socratic dialogues of Plato because a more detailed analysis of these topics would have helped to view the relationship of rhetoric and poetics by providing a better understanding of the relationship of mimetic and non-mimetic dis­ course (pp. 136-37). Extending the contributions of this work into the areas mentioned above also would have enriched such observations as those made by Walker: "'Poetry' stands to 'rhetoric' as one of its major divisions, and as the eldest form of epideictic eloquence, along with the newer 'free verse' forms of historical, philosophical, panegyric, and declamatory logoi, which are descended from Homeric narrative, Hesiodic wisdom-lore, and the varie­ ties of lyric praise and blame" (Rhetoric and Poetics in Antiquity, p. 120). Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric is clearly a contribution enrich­ ing our understanding of Homer, the use of rhetoric prior to the Classical Period, and a better understanding of the relationship between rhetoric and poetics before they evolved into separate disciplines. Knudsen's objective, as stated in the closing chapter, is to show that "Homeric techniques of per­ suasion—although they appear within a mythic narrative—are often the same as the intricate techniques of persuasion used by speakers in the Athe­ nian assembly and taught by the sophists, handbook-writers, and Aristotle himself" (p. 155). I believe that Knudsen attained this objective, but greater attention to the items pointed out in this review would have enhanced the fulfillment of her objective to an even greater degree. Richard Leo Enos Texas Christian University Alessandro Garcea, Caesar's De Analogía. Edition, Translation, and Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), xiv+304 p. ISBN 9780199603978 Il prezioso volume in questione è frutto della rielaborazione del travail inédit presentato, secondo le consuetudini francesi, all'esame di abilitazione alia Sorbona nel 2007: Garcea (G.), ora professore nella medesima prestigiosa umversità e allora Maître de conférences, dopo aver brillantemente svolto la sua preparazione all'Università di Torino sotto la guida di un'esperta di Reviews 325 grammatica romana come Valeria Lomanto (allieva a sua volta di Nino Marinone), dal 2007 al 2010 ha rielaborato la sua tesi e l'ha tradotta dal francese all'inglese cosí da assicurarle una broader audience e l'accoglimento presso uno dei più esclusivi editori intemazionali. Un ulteriore segno, se si vuole, del venir meno di quella parità ira le lingue europee di cultura che aveva caratterizzato gli studi classici e che viene ora sempre di più spazzata via dal totalita­ rismo anglofono; ma G. ha agito pragmáticamente (anche sotto altri aspetti, 10 vedremo subito) ed è difficile dargli torto, anche se resta, almeno in chi scrive, il rimpianto per un mondo delle lettere più democrático (e soprattutto per la conoscenza della bibliografía non in inglese da parte di chi parla solo fingiese, ormai una chimera anche presso i classicisti). L'unico vero appunto che si puô muovere a G. è che il sottotitolo che annuncia edizione, traduzione e commente è riduttivo e ingannevole: quasi metà del libro (p. 3-124), infatti, è occupata da un saggio introduttivo in due parti che costituisce un contribute di straordinario pregio e che per la sua ampiezza e ricchezza sta stretto nelle vesti dei "Prolegomeni all'edi­ zione"; paralelamente, chi è abituato all'edizione critica tradizionale e ricorda le essenziali 14 pagine dedicate da Funaioli a Cesare (C.) nei GRF rischia di perdersi in una mise en page in cui a testo ed apparato non è riconosciuta la tradizionale centralita, quasi...

The aim of classical rhetoric is to convince and persuade. Being essentially enigmatic, biblical rhetoric invites the reader to reflect by himself to find the solution, respecting his freedom, his dignity and responsibility.

Modern scholars have sometimes noticed in the Lysianic speeches some affinities with characters and plots of the (New) Comedy. Through a survey of the corpus, this paper resumes the critical data, adds some new elements of similarity, not only with Comedy, but generally with literature and suggests that Lysias usually worked in this way. If so, it could be preferable to suppose that the logographer took the cue not from comedy, but from everyday life; secondarily, that he sketched characters and plots starting from the particular (his client) to the general; finally, that these artistic elements were useful to jury's persuasion and not added to a following publication.

Book Review| May 01 2015 Review: The Chreia and Ancient Rhetoric: Commentaries on Aphthonius's Progymnasmata, (Society of Biblical Literature, Writings from the Greco-Roman World 31), by Hock, Ronald F. Hock, Ronald F., trans., The Chreia and Ancient Rhetoric: Commentaries on Aphthonius's Progymnasmata, (Society of Biblical Literature, Writings from the Greco-Roman World 31), Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2012. xii + 345 pp. ISBN 978-1-58983-644-0 Robert J. Penella Robert J. Penella Department of Classics, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA, rpenella@fordham.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (2): 217–219. https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.217 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert J. Penella; Review: The Chreia and Ancient Rhetoric: Commentaries on Aphthonius's Progymnasmata, (Society of Biblical Literature, Writings from the Greco-Roman World 31), by Hock, Ronald F.. Rhetorica 1 May 2015; 33 (2): 217–219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.217 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Modern students of Atticism, the movement which looked to Athenian literature of the classical age to provide models for later composition, often draw a distinction between what they call "rhetorical" (or "stylistic") Atticism of the first century bce and a supposedly later phenomenon termed "linguistic" (or "grammatical") Atticism. This paper questions this dichotomy by showing the clearly linguistic interests of some significant first century bce Greek and Roman Atticists—Caecilius of Calacte, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and T. Annius Cimber—and by arguing that they demonstrate that an interest in antiquarian diction and morphology is part of Atticism from its beginnings.

Book Review| May 01 2015 Review: Gorgia epidittico. Commento filosofico all'Encomio di Elena, all'Apologia di Palamede, all'Epitaffio, by Giombini, Stefania Giombini, Stefania, Gorgia epidittico. Commento filosofico all'Encomio di Elena, all'Apologia di Palamede, all'Epitaffio, Perugia: Aguaplano, 2012, 286 pp. ISBN 978-88-97738-12-1 Piera De Piano Piera De Piano Università degli studi di Salerno, Contrada Petrara, 8H, 83025 Montoro (AV), Italy, piera_depiano@libero.it Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (2): 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.209 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Piera De Piano; Review: Gorgia epidittico. Commento filosofico all'Encomio di Elena, all'Apologia di Palamede, all'Epitaffio, by Giombini, Stefania. Rhetorica 1 May 2015; 33 (2): 209–212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.209 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| May 01 2015 Review: Les œuvres perdues d'Ælius Aristide: fragments et témoignages., by Fabrice, Robert Fabrice, Robert, Les œuvres perdues d'Ælius Aristide: fragments et témoignages. Édition, traduction et commentaire, Paris, De Boccard (coll. De l'Archéologie à l'Histoire), 2012, 743 pp. ISBN 978-2-7018-0332-6 Pierre Chiron Pierre Chiron Université Paris-Est, Institut Universitaire de France, 12 allée Georges Brassens, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France, pcchiron@wanadoo.fr Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (2): 212–214. https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.212 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Pierre Chiron; Review: Les œuvres perdues d'Ælius Aristide: fragments et témoignages., by Fabrice, Robert. Rhetorica 1 May 2015; 33 (2): 212–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.212 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| May 01 2015 Review: The Politics of Eloquence: David Hume's Polite Rhetoric, by Hanvelt, Marc Hanvelt, Marc, The Politics of Eloquence: David Hume's Polite Rhetoric, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2012. 217pp. ISBN 978-1-4426-4379-6 Christopher Reid Christopher Reid School of English and Drama, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom, c.g.p.reid@qmul.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rhetorica (2015) 33 (2): 215–217. https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.215 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Christopher Reid; Review: The Politics of Eloquence: David Hume's Polite Rhetoric, by Hanvelt, Marc. Rhetorica 1 May 2015; 33 (2): 215–217. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.215 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Other| May 01 2015 Addresses of Contributors to This Issue Rhetorica (2015) 33 (2): 220–221. https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.220 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Addresses of Contributors to This Issue. Rhetorica 1 May 2015; 33 (2): 220–221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.220 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRhetorica Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights reserved.2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

While George Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric is widely recognized as one of the most influential treatises in the history of rhetoric, little critical attention has been paid to one of his most famous sermons: "The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance." Delivered on December 12, 1776, "being the fast day appointed by the King on account of the rebellion in America," this sermon exemplifies a key contention in Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric—that the species of rhetoric "calculated to influence the will, and persuade us to a certain conduct" is "that artful mixture" of "the argumentative and the pathetic incorporated together" (2–4). Taking its cue from the importance of style in Campbell's conception of rhetoric, this essay examines the significant role played by style in both the argumentative and pathetic dimensions of Campbell's sermon and reminds us that rhetorical theories have historically been conceived as means of managing social tensions and the uncertainties within which they arise.

Reviews Giombini, Stefania, Gorgia cgidittico. Gomniento filosófico ^// Encomio di Elena, ¿7// Apología di Palamede, nll Epitaffio, Perugia: Aguaplano, 2012, 286 pp. ISBN 978-88-97738-12-1 Se é ancora possibile registrare l'assenza dei sofisti in un'autorevole storia della letteratura greca (con annessa Antología), qual é quella di Lu­ ciano Canfora, non e piu ammissibile una scelta di sapore laerziano che escluda il sofista di Lentini da una storia della filosofía. É a questo orizzonte di lettura che, come testimonia il titolo del volume, guarda la ricerca di Stefania Giombini. Cambiare prospettiva, palesare il contenuto filosófico dell'epidittica impegnandosi come in un'attivitá di 'estrazione' (p. 251) di un secondo lixello di signifícate, nascosto sotto habito retorico che orna e perci¿?> riveste escurando, e l'obiettixo sottinteso a un pregevole 'commente filosófico' dei discorsi gorgiani delhEncomio di Elena, dell'Apología di Palamede e dell'Epitaffio. Per agevolare tale lettura l'A. antepone al suo commente una lunga relazione bibliográfica sul processo di riabilitazione della figura di Gorgia filosofo. Tale storia della critica costituisce il primo dei due saggi introduttivi del volume. Un percorso storiografico copioso e ben ragionato che prende avvio dall'antico e piu ampio repertorio di notizie sui filosofi greci, quello di Diogene Laerzio, in cui, conseguentemente alie linee interprétative platoniche, Gorgia fini per non trovare posto. Sebbene manchi almeno un accenno alia ricezione latina, di cui pure si riconosce il peso in conclusione (p. 252), risulta pienamente meritevole e di valido supporte una si dettagliata , ma anche agüe, presentazione diacronica della fortuna del Lentinese, a partiré dalla rivoluzionaria posizione hegeliana, i primi studi specialistici di fine Ottocento e inizio Novecento, fino ad arrivare alie numerosissime produzioni del secolo scorso e dei primi anni del Duemila, segni di una definitiva introduzione del pensiero e della scrittura gorgiani nelhinteresse degli studi di antichistica. In una panorámica cosí ampia avrei inserito anche volumi piú recenti, magari non esclusivamente legati alia figura di Gorgia, ma senza dubbio necessari per la ricostruzione del pensiero sofistico, come gli importanti contributi di due studiosi italiani, Mauro Bonazzi e Robería Ioli: il primo, autore di una traduzione di tutti i frammenti e le testimonianze dei sofisti (Milano: Rizzoli BUR, 2007) e di un utilissimo testo di inquadramento generale, I Sofisti (Roma: Carocci, 2010); la Ioli è autrice anche dell'ultima Rhetorica, Vol. XXXIII, Issue 2, pp. 209-221, ISSN 0734-8584, electronic ISSN 15338541 . C2015 by The International Society for the History of Rhetoric. All rights re­ served. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press s Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintlnfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/RH.2015.33.2.209. 210 RHETORICA traduzione italiana con commento del Peri tou me ontos (Hildesheim: Olms, 2010); sempre della Ioli si segnala, tra l'altro, anche l'ultima traduzione ital­ iana di tutti i frammenti e le testimonianze di Gorgia, con introduzione e commento (Roma: Carocci, 2013). La retorica in Gorgia è il titolo del secondo saggio introduttivo in cui LA. definisce il significato e la natura del discorso epidittico in età pre-aristotelica e illustra l'importanza della valutazione re­ torica dei testi gorgiani ricorrendo a due categorie ermeneutiche, la 'macroretorica ' e la 'microretorica', elabórate dallo studioso di filosofía antica, nonché maestro dell'A. e autore della Prefazione, Livio Rossetti. Seguendo gli studi di Laurent Pernot sulla retorica dell'elogio, LA. distingue il discorso epidittico dalLencomio, che ne rappresenta, in età pre-aristotelica, solo una sottocategoria , e ne fa un'operetta di eloquenza di apparato e con funzione celebradva. A partiré da questa prospettiva viene fatto rientrare nel genere dei discorsi epidittici anche il trattato Sul non essere, che si distingue dagli altri tre componimenti per il fatto di essere un'epidittica 'di rilievo' (p. 50) e destinata ad un pubblico specialistico avvezzo ad 'argomenti di spessore ontologico' (ibidem). Quanto alie dimensioni macro e micro retoriche di un testo classico, LA. spiega la prima come una valutazione d'insieme del testo, degli 'elementi che sovrintendono la progettazione e la costruzione di un discorso' (p. 53) e la seconda come...

Reviews 215 Hanvelt, Marc, The Politics of Eloquence: David Hume's Polite Rhetoric, Toronto, University of Toronto Tress, 2012. 217pp. ISBN 978-1-44264379 -6 In this closely reasoned and commendably lucid book Marc Hanvelt acknowledges more explicitly than most historians of eloquence that his study of the rhetorical past is shaped by a preoccupation with the poli­ tics of the present. Hume's thinking about persuasion is important to him not only because it is unusually subtle, philosophically grounded, and dis­ tinctive in its own time, but also because it can tell us something about how we might better conduct our politics today. A key to Hume's thought, Hanvelt argues, is his enduring hostilitv towards a religious and political fanaticism which "has its parallels in our contemporary world" (p. 6). We need Hume's "accurate, just, and polite rhetoric" as an alternative or, as Hanvelt puts it, "antidote" (p. 75) to the "low rhetoric" of zealotry and fac­ tion which threatens to undermine the balanced opposition of interests on which modern democracies depend. As Hanvelt explains, the conclusions Hume reaches in his philosophical writings, which famously emphasize the relative weakness of reason as an influence in human nature, commits him to a conception of rhetoric in which the passions must play a lead­ ing role. But unlike the rhetoric of the zealots, Hanvelt argues, Hume's is an appeal to the passions modified bv politeness. Transferred from its eighteenth-century context, and stripped of its restrictive associations with an elitist code of manners, this "polite rhetoric" refuses to manipulate its audiences by oversimplifying or closing down choices, respects their capac­ ity for making judgements, and engages them on equal terms in sociable discourse. Other scholars have commented on what Arthur Walzer well de­ scribes as "Hume's rhetoric-friendly epistemology" and have assessed its eighteenth-century influence. Hanvelt's ambition is to proceed a step further and retrieve a coherent conception of rhetoric from Hume's own writings. Although he does not restrict himself to Hume's philosophical works, and indeed examines the later volumes of the History as an important source for Hume's thinking about rhetoric, the philosophy of mind Hume formulates in the Treatise and Enquiries is at the heart of his study. In its central chapters (2-5) Hanvelt teases out the rhetorical implications of Hume's conception of belief as a "lively idea" and elucidates Hume's view that eloquence can reproduce the "feeling" of belief that is more usually derived by means of association from custom and experience. By raising vivid and forceful ideas in the mind eloquence excites the passions and operates on the will. What, then, sets Hume's conception of rhetoric apart from the oratory of the fanatics (Hume's and, one infers, Hanvelt's antagonists) who work singlemindedly on the passions of their audiences? Hanvelt finds the answer to this question in Hume's conception of politeness, a moderating influence which equips the orator with the gentlemanly attributes of trustworthiness of character, conversational ease, and enlarged views. With the arguments of 216 RHETORICA Adam Potkay's The Fate ofEloquence in the Age ofHume (1994) in mind, he ac­ knowledges that in the eighteenth century "the polite virtues of manners and moderation . . . were generally considered to be incompatible with impas­ sioned rhetoric" (pp. 54—55). But Hume's politeness, like Hume s rhetoric, was distinctive. He associated politeness with moderation but unlike his friend Adam Smith he did not conceive of moderation as necessarily dis­ passionate. Politeness modified but did not repudiate the models of ancient eloquence, which Hume held in high regard. While Hume "distrusted impo­ lite rhetoric," Hanvelt concludes, he did not distrust rhetoric 'because it is impolite' (p. 76). The clarity with which Hanvelt disentangles complex ideas and explains how Hume differed from contemporary rhetoricians such as Campbell and Smith is one of the strengths of this book. He demonstrates beyond doubt that the idea of eloquence was unusually important to Hume, not least as an illustration and confirmation of his discoveries in the science of mind. But the approach he has taken to reading Hume's texts is not unproblematic. Acknowledging that "Hume never laid...

212 RHETORICA imento alia lacuna presente nel testo origínale che viene pero colmata in traduzione senza indicazioni sull'integrazione operata. Infine, YEpitaffio: un testo su cui poco é stato detto dagli antichi e dai moderni e che l'A. tenta di indagare approntando un'originale partitura del testo, servendosi del con­ fronto con gli altri testi gorgiani e con gli altri pochi esempi di logoi epitaphioi dell'antichitá. Interessante é l'interpretazione in chiave retorica del concetto di kairos che viene destituito di qualsiasi significato filosófico. II discorso fú­ nebre acquista poi un forte significato etico che rivela, secondo l'A., un forte interesse di Gorgia per la morale, interesse non certo codificatosi in una presentazione teórica ben definita, ma sicuramente tradotto in numerosi spunti sparsi anche negli altri due discorsi analizzati. Quella di Gorgia sarebbe una morale della cittá, l'etica del suo tempo, quella che riconosce giusto 'ció che é comunemente giusto' e sbagliato 'ció che é comunemente sbagliato' (p. 249). II volume si chiude con le riflessioni conclusive che, pur rischiando di leggere in maniera forse troppo sistemática il movimento sofistico, all'interno del quale Gorgia, retore e filosofo, figurerebbe anche come un esperto di 'diritto' (p. 252) e la filosofía espressa nei suoi discorsi si presenterebbe come una gnoseologia capace di guidare il sofista anche in senso etico (ibidem), disegnano con coerenza l'orientamento teorético con cui Gorgia merita di essere interrogato. Dopo la bibliografía e prima dell'indice dei nomi, correda il volume una serie di riproduzioni fotografiche dei frontespizi di alcune edizioni dell'opera gorgiana possedute dall'Autrice. Piera De Piano Universitá degli studi di Salerno Fabrice, Robert, Les œuvres perdues d'Ælius Aristide: fragments et témoignages. Édition, traduction et commentaire, Paris, De Boccard (coll. De l'Archéologie à l'Histoire), 2012, 743 pp. ISBN 978-2-70180332 -6 Cet ouvrage est issu d'une thèse soutenue à l'Université Marc BlochStrasbourg II en 2008 sous la direction de Laurent Pernot, et constitue une importante annexe au projet dirigé par ce dernier et consistant à éditer dans la collection Budé l'ensemble des quelque 501 discours conservés d'Ælius Aris- Æe dénombrement interfère avec les questions d'authenticité. E Robert, sur la quatrième de couverture, évoque 53 discours conservés dans les manuscrits médiévaux. P. 10, il fait état de 50 discours complets auxquels s'ajoutent deux discours mutilés et un apocryphe (or. 35). D'après la n. 9, il s'avère qu'en réalité deux autres discours (or. 25 et 30) ont vu leur authenticité discutée et que le n° 25 (Discours rbodien ) est toujours suspect aux yeux de certains. Deux déclamations ont été retirées du corpus chez tous les éditeurs postérieurs a Dindorf, les « déclamations leptiniennes, dont la numérotation et le mode de transmission ne sont pas indiqués. L'attribution à Reviews 213 tide (iie s. ap. J.-C.), le plus fameux représentant de la Seconde Sophistique. Fabrice Robert y réunit toute la documentation disponible sur les ceuvres disparues du sophiste et connues seulement de manière indirecte, que ce soit par des mentions d Ælius Aristide lui-même dans d'autres oeuvres ou par des citations ou des mentions faites dans des textes postérieurs. Les éditions de ce genre posent, on le sait, de nombreux problèmes de méthode. Il s agit d isoler, d identifier les vestiges, de distinguer fragments et témoignages - ce qui n'est pas toujours commode -, d'assigner ces morceaux plus ou moins consistants à telle ou telle œuvre, à tel ou tel genre, de procéder à leur classement, afin de resituer autant que possible le fragment dans son contexte, et de donner une place réfléchie aux œuvres dans le recueil, sans même parler de l'exigeant travail de commentaire, dont dépend la compréhension et l'appréciation des vestiges eux-mêmes et des raisons aussi bien de leur survie et de leur usage que de la perte de leur contexte. Fabrice Robert a pris la pleine mesure de la complexité de sa tâche. Les 190 fragments...

The aim of classical rhetoric is to convince and persuade. Being essentially enigmatic, biblical rhetoric invites the reader to reflect by himself to find the solution, respecting his freedom, his dignity and responsibility.

Modern students of Atticism, the movement which looked to Athenian literature of the classical age to provide models for later composition, often draw a distinction between what they call “rhetorical” (or “stylistic”) Atticism of the first century bce and a supposedly later phenomenon termed “linguistic” (or “grammatical”) Atticism. This paper questions this dichotomy by showing the clearly linguistic interests of some significant first century bce Greek and Roman Atheists—Caecilius of Calacte, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and T. Annius Cimber—and by arguing that they demonstrate that an interest in antiquarian diction and morphology is part of Atticism from its beginnings.